High carbon steel inoreva carbon steel ine w(C) yakakwirira kudarika 0.6%. Iine maitiro makuru ekuomesera kupfuura yepakati kabhoni simbi uye kuumba yakakwira kabhoni martensite, iyo inonyanya kunzwisiswa nekuumbwa kwekutonhora kunoputika. Panguva imwecheteyo, chimiro chemartensite chakaumbwa munzvimbo yekupisa-yakakanganiswa nemoto yakaoma uye ine brittle, zvichiita kuti plastiki uye kuoma kwejoini kuderedzwa zvikuru. Naizvozvo, iyo weldability yeyakakwira-kabhoni simbi haina kusimba, uye yakakosha maitirwo emagetsi anofanirwa kugamuchirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwejoini. . Naizvozvo, kazhinji haiwanzo shandiswa muzvimiro zve welded. Yakakwira kabhoni simbi inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvikamu zvemuchina zvinoda kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kupfeka kuramba, senge shaft inotenderera, magiya mahombe uye couplings [1]. Kuti uchengetedze simbi uye kurerutsa tekinoroji yekugadzira, aya emuchina zvikamu anowanzo kusanganiswa nezvimiro zvakashongedzwa. Mukugadzira muchina unorema, matambudziko ewelding epamusoro kabhoni simbi zvikamu anosanganawo. Paunenge uchigadzira iyo welding process yeyakakwira kabhoni simbi weldments, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogoneka welding defects zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvakadzama uye matanho anoenderana welding process anofanirwa kutorwa.
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1 Weldability yepamusoro kabhoni simbi
1.1 Welding nzira
Yakakwira kabhoni simbi inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvimiro zvine kuomarara kwakanyanya uye yakakwirira kupfeka kuramba, saka nzira huru dzewelding ndeye electrode arc welding, brazing uye yakanyura arc welding.
1.2 Welding zvinhu
Yakakwira kabhoni simbi welding kazhinji haidi simba rakaenzana pakati pejoinhi uye base simbi. Kana arc welding, yakaderera-hydrogen maelectrode ane simba rekubvisa sarufa, yakaderera diffusible hydrogen zviri musimbi yakaiswa, uye kusimba kwakanaka kunowanzo shandiswa. Apo simba resimbi ye weld uye nheyo yesimbi inofanirwa kuenzana, yakaderera-hydrogen welding tsvimbo yegiredhi inoenderana inofanira kusarudzwa; apo kusimba kwesimbi ye weld uye nheyo yesimbi isingadikanwi, yakaderera-hydrogen welding tsvimbo ine simba rakaderera pane iyo yesimbi yepasi inofanira kusarudzwa. Rangarira Welding tsvimbo ine yakakwirira simba nhanho kupfuura base simbi haigoni kusarudzwa. Kana iyo nheyo yesimbi isingabvumirwi kuve yakatsva panguva yekuputika, kuitira kudzivirira kuputika kunotonhora munzvimbo inopisa-inopisa, austenitic stainless steel electrodes inogona kushandiswa kuwana austenitic chimiro nepurasitiki yakanaka uye yakasimba kuputika kupikisa.
1.3 Bevel kugadzirira
Kuti udzikise chikamu chekabhoni musimbi yeweld, muyero wekusanganiswa unofanirwa kudzikiswa, saka magirofu ane U-shaped kana V-anowanzo shandiswa panguva yekukweshesa, uye kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa pakuchenesa gorofu uye mavara emafuta. ngura, nezvimwewo mukati me20mm kumativi ose egorofu.
1.4 Preheating
Kana welding nemaelectrodes esimbi emuumbirwo, inofanirwa kupiswa isati yaiswa, uye tembiricha yekupisa inodzorwa pakati pe250°C ne350°C.
1.5 Interlayer kugadzirisa
Paunenge uchiputira mitsara yakawanda uye akawanda anopfuura, diki-diameter electrode uye yakaderera ikozvino inoshandiswa yekutanga kupfuura. Kazhinji, workpiece inoiswa mu semi-vertical welding kana welding tsvimbo inoshandiswa kuzununguka nechemberi, kuitira kuti yose yesimbi yesimbi inopisa-yakakanganiswa nzvimbo inopisa munguva pfupi kuti iwane preheating uye kupisa kwekuchengetedza migumisiro.
1.6 Post-weld kupisa kurapwa
Pakarepo mushure mekunama, workpiece inoiswa muchoto chekudziya uye inochengetwa pa 650 ° C kuitira kuderedza kushungurudzika annealing [3].
2 Welding kukanganisa kwepamusoro kabhoni simbi uye matanho ekudzivirira
Nokuti high carbon steel ine simba rakasimba rekuomesa, kupisa kunopisa uye kutonhora kunotonhora kunowanzoitika panguva yekuputika.
2.1 Matanho ekudzivirira ekuputika kwemafuta
1) Dzora chimiro chemakemikari ye weld, nyatso kudzora sulfuri uye phosphorus zviri mukati, uye zvakakodzera kuwedzera manganese zvirimo kuvandudza weld chimiro uye kuderedza kusarura.
2) Dzora chimiro chemuchinjiko we weld uye ita hupamhi-kudzika-kudzika reshiyo yakakura zvishoma kudzivirira kupatsanurwa pakati peiyo weld.
3) Kune dzakaomesesa weldments, yakakodzera welding paramita, yakakodzera welding kutevedzana uye kutungamira kunofanirwa kusarudzwa.
4) Kana zvichidikanwa, tora preheating uye inononoka kutonhora matanho kudzivirira kuitika kwekupisa kwekuputika.
5) Wedzera alkalinity ye welding tsvimbo kana flux kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemukati mu weld uye kuvandudza dhigirii rekuparadzanisa.
2.2 Matanho ekudzivirira kutsemuka kwechando[4]
1) Kupisa kusati kwave nemoto uye kunonoka kutonhora mushure mekuputika hakugoni kuderedza kuoma uye brittleness yenzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekupisa, asiwo kukurumidza kupararira kwekunze kwehydrogen mu weld.
2) Sarudza zvakakodzera welding matanho.
3) Gamuchira gungano rakakodzera uye sequences welding kuti uderedze kuzvidzora kushushikana kwejoint yakasungwa uye kuvandudza mamiriro ekushushikana kweiyo weldment.
4) Sarudza midziyo yewelding yakakodzera, omesa maelectrodes uye flux usati welding, uye ugare wakagadzirira kushandiswa.
5) Pamberi pekuputira, mvura, ngura uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa pane yekutanga simbi yepasi yakatenderedza groove inofanira kunyatsobviswa kudzikisa zviri mukati diffusible hydrogen mu weld.
6) Kurapa kweDehydrogenation kunofanira kuitwa pakarepo kusati kwatungidzirwa kubvumira hydrogen kuti ibude zvakakwana kubva pajoini yakasungwa.
7) Kushungurudzika-kubvisa kurapa annealing kunofanira kuitwa pakarepo mushure mekunama kusimudzira kupararira kwekunze kwehydrogen mu weld.
3 Mhedziso
Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira kabhoni yemukati, kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kushomeka kwesimbi yakakwira kabhoni, zviri nyore kugadzira yakakwira kabhoni martensite chimiro uye kutsemuka kwewelding panguva yewelding. Naizvozvo, kana welding yakakwira kabhoni simbi, iyo welding process inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvine musoro. Uye tora matanho anoenderana nenguva kuti uderedze kuitika kwekutsemuka kwewelding uye kugadzirisa mashandiro emajoini akasungwa.
Nguva yekutumira: May-27-2024
