Pamusoro pezvinhu zvekugadzira, zvimwe zvinhu zvewelding, senge groove saizi uye gap size, inclination angle ye electrode uye workpiece, uye nzvimbo yejoint, inogona kukanganisa kuumbwa kwe weld uye saizi ye weld.
Xinfa welding midziyo ine hunhu hwemhando yepamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera. Kuti uwane ruzivo, ndapota shanya:Welding & Cutting Manufacturers - China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
1. Mhedzisiro yewelding ikozvino pane welding seam kuumbwa
Pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, sezvo iyo arc welding ikozvino inowedzera, kudzika kwekupinda uye kureba kwakasara kweiyo weld kunowedzera, uye hupamhi hwekupinda hunowedzera zvishoma. Zvikonzero ndezvizvi:
Sezvo iyo arc welding ikozvino inowedzera, iyo arc simba inobata pane weldment inowedzera, kupisa kupinza kwearc kune weldment kunowedzera, uye nzvimbo yekupisa inodzika inodzika ichidzika, izvo zvinoita kuti kupisa conduction kudzika kudzika kwedziva rakanyungudutswa uye kunowedzera. kudzika kwekupinda. Kudzika kwekupinda kunoda kuenzana kune welding current, ndiko kuti, weld kupinda kudzika H inenge yakaenzana neKm×I.
2) Iko kunyunguduka kwearc welding core kana welding wire inoenzanirana neazvino welding. Sezvo iko kunyunguduka kwearc welding kunowedzera, kukurumidza kunyunguduka kwewaya yewelding kunowedzera, uye kuwanda kwewaya yewelding yakanyungudutswa inowedzera zvakaenzana, nepo kunyunguduka kunowedzera kushoma, saka iyo weld yekusimbisa inowedzera.
3) Mushure mekuwedzera kwekushongedza ikozvino, dhayamita yearc column inowedzera, asi kudzika kwearc inopinda mukati me workpiece kunowedzera, uye kufamba kwekufamba kwearc spot kunogumira, saka kuwedzera kwehupamhi hwekunyunguduka kuduku.
Munguva yegasi yakadzivirirwa arc welding, iyo welding ikozvino inowedzera uye weld yekupinda kudzika kunowedzera. Kana iyo welding yemazuva ano yakakurisa uye density iripo yakanyanya kukwirira, kupinda-kufanana nemunwe kunogona kuitika, kunyanya kana welding aluminium.
2. Mhedzisiro yearc voltage pane welding seam kuumbwa
Kana mamwe mamiriro ari echokwadi, kuwedzera arc voltage kuchawedzera arc simba zvinoenderana, uye kupisa kupinza kune weldment kuchawedzera. Nekudaro, kuwedzera kwearc voltage kunowanikwa nekuwedzera arc kureba. Kuwedzera kwearc kureba kunowedzera arc kupisa sosi radius, kunowedzera kupisa kwearc, uye kunoderedza kusimba kwesimba rekuisa weldment. Naizvozvo, kudzika kwekupinda kunodzikira zvishoma apo kudzika kwekupinda kunowedzera. Panguva imwecheteyo, sezvo ikozvino welding inoramba isina kuchinjwa, kunyunguduka kwewaya yewelding kunoramba kusingachinji, zvichiita kuti kusimbiswa kwe weld kuderera.
Dzakasiyana-siyana arc welding nzira dzinoshandiswa kuwana kwakakodzera welding seam kuumbwa, ndiko kuti, kuchengetedza yakakodzera welding seam ichiita coefficient φ, uye kuwedzera arc voltage zvakakodzera uchiwedzera welding ikozvino. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti arc voltage uye welding ikozvino ive nehukama hwakakodzera hwekufananidza. . Izvi zvinonyanya kuwanda musimbi arc welding.
3. Mhedzisiro yekumhanyisa kumhanya pakugadzira weld
Pasi pemamwe mamiriro, kuwedzera kumhanya kwewelding kunotungamira mukudzikiswa kwekupisa kwekupisa, nekudaro kuderedza hupamhi hweweld uye kudzika kwekupinda. Sezvo huwandu hwewaya simbi yekuisa pahurefu hweyuniti yeweld yakaenzana nekumhanya kwewelding, iyo weld reinforcement inoderedzwa zvakare.
Welding kumhanya chiratidzo chakakosha chekuongorora kugadzirwa kwewelding. Kuti uvandudze kugadzirwa kwewelding, iyo welding yekumhanyisa inofanira kuwedzerwa. Nekudaro, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chehukuru hunodiwa weld mudhizaini yekugadzira, iyo welding ikozvino uye arc voltage inofanirwa kukwidziridzwa zvinoenderana uchiwedzera kumhanya kwewelding. Zvitatu izvi zvakabatana. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanirwawo kutariswa kuti kana uchiwedzera welding ikozvino, arc voltage, uye welding kasi (kureva, kushandisa yakakwirira-simba welding arc uye yakakwirira-welding kumhanya welding), kukanganisa kwewelding kunogona kuitika panguva yekuumbwa kweyakanyungudutswa. dziva uye kusimba kwechidziva chakanyungudutswa, sekurumwa. Mipendero, kuputika, nezvimwewo, saka pane muganhu wekuwedzera welding speed.
4. The pesvedzero welding yazvino mhando uye polarity uye electrode saizi pamusoro weld kuumbwa
1. Mhando uye polarity ye welding ikozvino
Mhando dzewelding ikozvino dzakakamurwa kuita DC uye AC. Pakati pavo, DC arc welding yakakamurwa kuva inogara DC uye pulsed DC maererano nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwemapulses ezvino; maererano ne polarity, yakakamurwa kuita DC kumberi kubatana (iyo weldment yakabatana kune yakanaka) uye DC reverse yekubatanidza (iyo weldment yakabatana kune yakaipa). AC arc welding yakakamurwa kuita sine wave AC uye square wave AC zvinoenderana neazvino waveforms. Mhando uye polarity yewelding ikozvino inokanganisa huwandu hwekupisa kwekuisa nearc kune weldment, zvichikanganisa kuumbwa kwe weld. Inogonawo kukanganisa nzira yekudonha uye kubviswa kweiyo oxide firimu pamusoro pesimbi yepasi.
Kana tungsten arc welding ichishandiswa kugadzira simbi, titanium uye zvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi, kudzika kwekupinda kweiyo weld yakaumbwa ndiko kwakakura kana yakananga ikozvino yakabatana, kupinza ndiko kudiki kana yakananga ikozvino yakabatana, uye AC iri pakati pe piri. Sezvo kupinza kweweld kuri hombe panguva yekubatanidza ikozvino uye tungsten electrode kupisa kurasikirwa ndiyo idiki, yakananga ikozvino kubatana kunofanira kushandiswa kana welding simbi, titanium uye zvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi zvine tungsten electrode argon arc welding. Kana tungsten argon arc welding inoshandisa pulsed DC welding, iyo pulse paramita inogona kugadziridzwa, saka welding musono kugadzira saizi inogona kudzorwa sezvinodiwa. Kana welding aluminium, magnesium uye alloys avo ane tungsten arc welding, zvinodikanwa kushandisa cathodic yekuchenesa mhedzisiro yearc kuchenesa iyo oxide firimu pamusoro peiyo base zvinhu. Zviri nani kushandisa AC. Sezvo waveform ma paramita e square wave AC achichinjika, iyo welding mhedzisiro iri nani. .
Munguva yesimbi arc welding, iyo weld yekupinda kudzika uye hupamhi muDC reverse yekubatanidza yakakura pane iyo yakanangana ikozvino, uye kudzika kwekupinda nehupamhi mu AC welding zviri pakati pezviviri. Naizvozvo, panguva yakadzika arc welding, DC reverse connection inoshandiswa kuwana kupinda kukuru; nepo panguva yakanyura arc pamusoro pekuisa welding, DC yekumberi yekubatanidza inoshandiswa kuderedza kupinda. Munguva yegasi yakadzivirirwa arc welding, kudzika kwekupinda hakuna kungokura panguva yeDC reverse yekubatanidza, asiwo iyo welding arc uye madonhwe ekuchinjisa maitirwo akanyanya kugadzikana kupfuura aya panguva yekubatanidza ikozvino uye AC, uye zvakare ine cathode yekuchenesa maitiro, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, nepo DC yemberi yekubatanidza uye Kukurukurirana isingawanzo kushandiswa.
2. Kufurira kwe tungsten tip tip chimiro, waya dhayamita uye kureba kwekuwedzera
Iko kona uye chimiro chetungsten electrode kumberi kwekupedzisira kune simba guru pane arc concentration uye arc pressure, uye inofanira kusarudzwa maererano nehukuru hwehuputi hwehuputi uye kukora kweweldment. Kazhinji, iyo yakanyanya kuomesesa arc uye yakakura iyo arc kudzvanywa, iyo yakakura kudzika kwekupinda uye kunoenderana kuderedzwa kwehupamhi hwekupinza.
Munguva yegasi simbi arc welding, kana welding ikozvino inoramba iripo, iyo yakaonda iyo welding waya, iyo yakanyanya kuomesesa kupisa kwearc kuchava, kudzika kwekupinda kuchawedzera, uye hupamhi hwekupinda huchaderera. Nekudaro, kana uchisarudza welding waya dhayamita mune chaiyo welding mapurojekiti, saizi yazvino uye yakanyungudutswa yedziva chimiro inofanirawo kutariswa kudzivirira kushata kuumbwa.
Kana kureba kwewaya yewelding mugasi simbi arc welding ichiwedzera, kupisa kwekudzivirira kunokonzerwa neiyo welding ikozvino kuburikidza nechikamu chakawedzerwa chewaya yekubatira inowedzera, iyo inowedzera kunyungudika kwewaya yekubatira, saka iyo weld inosimbisa inowedzera uye kudzika kwekupinda kunoderera. Sezvo resistivity yesimbi welding waya yakakura, pesvedzero yekuwedzera kureba kwewaya yewelding pakugadzira musono seam inobuda pachena musimbi uye waya yakanaka welding. Iyo resistivity yealuminium welding wire idiki uye simba rayo harina kukosha. Kunyangwe kuwedzera kureba kwewaya yewelding kunogona kuvandudza kunyunguduka kwewaya yewelding, tichifunga kugadzikana kwekunyunguduka kwewaya welding uye kuumbwa kweiyo weld seam, pane inobvumidzwa mutsauko wekusiyana mukureba kwekuwedzera. welding wire.
5. Kupesvedzera kwemamwe maitiro ekuita pane welding seam kugadzira zvinhu
Kuwedzera kune zvakataurwa pamusoro apa maitiro ekuita, zvimwe zvewelding process zvinhu, senge groove saizi uye gap size, inclination angle ye electrode uye workpiece, uye nzvimbo yejoint, inogonawo kukanganisa kuumbwa kwe weld uye saizi ye weld.
1. Grooves uye magapu
Kana arc welding inoshandiswa kubatanidza majoini emabutt, kungave kuchengetedza gap, ukuru hwegomba, uye chimiro chegorofu zvinowanzotemwa zvichibva pakukora kweplate yakasungwa. Kana mamwe mamiriro anoramba aripo, iyo yakakura saizi ye groove kana gap, iyo idiki kusimbiswa kwewelded seam, iyo yakaenzana nekuderera kwechinzvimbo che weld seam, uye panguva ino fusion ratio inoderera. Naizvozvo, kusiya mapundu kana kuvhura grooves inogona kushandiswa kudzora saizi yekusimbisa uye kugadzirisa fusion ratio. Kuenzaniswa nebeveling pasina kusiya mukaha, mamiriro ekupisa ekupisa ezviviri akati siyanei. Kazhinji kutaura, iyo crystallization mamiriro ebeveling anowedzera kunaka.
2. Electrode (welding wire) inclination angle
Munguva yearc welding, zvinoenderana nehukama pakati peiyo electrode tilt direction uye welding direction, inokamurwa kuva mhando mbiri: electrode kumberi tilt uye electrode backward tilt. Kana waya yewelding ichinyura, arc axis inotsvedzawo saizvozvo. Kana waya yekunyunguduka ichirerekera kumberi, kuita kwesimba re arc pakubuda kumashure kwesimbi yedziva yakanyungudutswa kunopera simba, simbi yemvura iri pazasi pedziva yakanyungudutswa inova gobvu, kudzika kwekupinda kunoderera, kudzika kwearc kunopinda. mu weldment inoderera, iyo arc spot yekufamba siyana inowedzera, uye hupamhi hwekunyunguduka hunowedzera, uye kubatana kunoderera. Iyo diki yekona yekumberi α yewaya welding, zvinonyanya kuoneka izvi zvinoita. Kana iyo welding wire yakarerekera kumashure, mamiriro acho anopesana. Paunenge uchishandisa electrode arc welding, electrode back-tilt method inowanzoshandiswa, uye inclination angle α iri pakati pe65 ° ne80 °.
3. Kurerekera kona ye weldment
Kurerekera kweweldment kunowanzo sangana mukugadzirwa chaiko uye kunogona kukamurwa kuita upslope welding uye downslope welding. Panguva ino, simbi yedziva yakanyungudutswa inowanzoyerera ichidzika ichitevedza materu pasi pechiito chegiravhiti. Munguva yekukwirisa, simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinobatsira simbi yedziva yakanyungudutswa kuti ifambe ichienda kuseri kwedziva rakanyungudutswa, saka kudzika kwekupinda kwakakura, kufara kwakanyungudutswa kwakatetepa, uye kureba kwasara kwakakura. Kana iyo upslope angle α iri 6 ° kusvika 12 °, iyo yekusimbisa yakakurisa uye undercuts inowanzoitika pamativi ese. Panguva yekusveta kwakadzika, izvi zvinodzivirira simbi iri mudziva rakanyungudutswa kuti isabudiswe kuseri kwedziva rakanyungudutswa. Arc haikwanise kudziyisa zvakanyanya simbi iri pasi pedziva rakanyungudutswa. Kudzika kwekupinda kunodzikira, iyo arc spot yekufamba inokura, iyo yakanyungudutswa yakafara inowedzera, uye yakasara kureba inoderera. Kana iyo yekurerekera kona yeweldment yakakura kwazvo, inotungamira mukusakwana kupinda uye kufashukira kwemvura simbi mudziva rakanyungudutswa.
4. Weldment zvinhu uye ukobvu
Iyo weld kupinza inoenderana neiyo welding ikozvino, pamwe neiyo thermal conductivity uye volumetric kupisa kugona kwezvinhu. Izvo zvirinani kupisa kwekupisa kwechinhu uye kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu yekupisa huwandu, kupisa kwakanyanya kunodiwa kunyungudutsa vhoriyamu yesimbi uye kusimudza tembiricha yakafanana. Naizvozvo, pasi pemamwe mamiriro akadai sewelding ikozvino uye mamwe mamiriro, kudzika kwekupinda nehupamhi kuchava Just kuderera. Kunyanya kuwanda kwechinhu kana viscosity yemvura, zvakanyanya kuoma kuti arc ibvise mvura yakanyungudutswa yedhava resimbi, uye kudzika kudzika kwekupinda. Ukobvu hweweldment hunokanganisa conduction yekupisa mukati meweldment. Kana mamwe mamiriro akafanana, kuwanda kweweldment kunowedzera, kupisa kunopisa kunowedzera, uye hupamhi hwekupinda uye kudzika kwemukati kunoderera.
5. Flux, electrode coating uye kudzivirira gasi
Maumbirwo akasiyana eiyo flux kana electrode coating inotungamira kune akasiyana polar voltage madonhwe uye arc column inokwanisa gradients yearc, izvo zvinozokanganisa kuumbwa kweiyo weld. Kana iyo flux density iri diki, saizi yechikamu yakakura, kana kureba kwekumisikidza kuri kudiki, kudzvanywa kwakatenderedza arc kwakadzikira, iyo arc column inowedzera, uye arc nzvimbo inofamba muhukuru hukuru, saka kudzika kwekupinda kudiki, hupamhi hwekunyunguduka hwakakura, uye hurefu hwakasara hudiki. Paunenge uchipinza zvikamu zvakakora zvine arc welding, kushandisa pumice-senge flux inogona kuderedza arc pressure, kuderedza kudzika kwekupinda, uye kuwedzera upamhi hwekupinda. Mukuwedzera, iyo welding slag inofanirwa kunge iine viscosity yakakodzera uye tembiricha yekunyungudika. Kana iyo viscosity yakanyanya kunyungudika kana kunyunguduka kwakakwira, iyo slag ichava nemhepo isina kukwana, uye zviri nyore kuumba makomba akawanda ekumanikidza pamusoro peiyo weld, uye deformation yepasi ye weld ichave yakashata.
Kuumbwa kwegesi yekudzivirira (yakadai seAr, He, N2, CO2) inoshandiswa mu arc welding yakasiyana, uye zvinhu zvayo zvemuviri zvakadai semafuta ekupisa zvakasiyana, izvo zvinokanganisa kudonha kwepolar pressure yearc, iyo inogona kuitika yearc. arc column, conductive cross chikamu chearc column, uye plasma inoyerera simba. , kugoverwa kwekupisa kwekupisa, nezvimwewo, izvo zvose zvinokanganisa kuumbwa kwe weld.
Muchidimbu, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kuumbwa kwe weld. Kuti uwane yakanaka weld kuumbwa, unofanirwa kusarudza zvichibva pane zvinhu uye ukobvu hweweldment, nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeweld, fomu rekubatana, mamiriro ekushanda, zvinodiwa zvekushanda kwemajoini uye saizi yeweld, nezvimwe. welding mamiriro anoshandiswa pakushongedza, uye chinhu chinonyanya kukosha maitiro ewelder kune welding! Zvikasadaro, iyo welding seam kuumbwa uye kuita kunogona kusasangana nezvinodiwa, uye kwakasiyana-siyana welding kuremara kunogona kuitika.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-27-2024
