Nekukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwezvitima zvinomhanya-mhanya uye zvinorema, chimiro chenjanji chinotsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemitsetse isina musono kubva mumitsetse yakajairika. Kuenzaniswa nemitsetse yakajairwa, tambo isina musono inobvisa huwandu hukuru hwemajoini enjanji mufekitori, saka ine zvakanakira kumhanya mushe, mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa track, uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Yakave nzira huru yekuvaka njanji yekumhanya-mhanya parizvino. Mutsetse usina musono ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji yenjanji. Mutsara wakagadzirwa nekunama njanji dzesimbi dzakajairwa kuita njanji dzakareba dzehurefu hwakati, welding nekuisa njanji refu dzinehurefu hwakati unonzi mutsetse usina musono. Rail welding chikamu chakakosha chekuisa mitsetse isina musono.
Parizvino, nzira dzekushongedza dzesimbi isina mutsetse njanji majoini anonyanya kusanganisira njanji yekubata welding, gasi rinomanikidza welding uye aluminothermic welding:
01 Bata welding nzira uye maitiro
Rail contact welding (flash welding) inowanzo shandiswa mufekitari welding. 95% yemutsetse usina musono unopedzwa nemaitiro aya, ndiko kuti, njanji yakajairika ine kureba kwemamita makumi maviri nemashanu uye hapana maburi akaiswa munjanji refu ye200-500 metres.
Nheyo iyi ndeye kushandisa magetsi kugadzira kupisa kuburikidza nekusangana pamusoro penjanji kunyungudutsa chikamu chekupedzisira chenjanji, uye wozopedzisa welding nekugumburisa. Sezvo iyo welding yekupisa sosi yekubata welding ichibva mukati mekupisa sosi yebasa rekushanda, kupisa kwakadzika, nguva yekudziya ipfupi, iyo welding process haidi simbi yekuzadza, iyo metallurgical process iri nyore, iyo inopisa inokanganisa nzvimbo iri. diki, uye zviri nyore kuwana zvirinani zvemhando yewelded joint.
Iyo welding process yakagamuchirwa neiyo njanji welding fekitori yakangofanana, inosanganisira: njanji inofananidzwa, kuona kukanganisa, kugadzirisa kumagumo kwenjanji, kupinda muchiteshi kuti isungirwe, welding, kugaya rough, kugaya zvakanaka, kutwasanudza, normalizing, kukanganisa. kuona, kupinda papuratifomu yechitima, kuisa Iyo welding process ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakati pemaitiro ese. Unhu hwekushongedza hunoenderana zvakananga nebasa rekugadzirisa mutsara. Kana pane dambudziko, zvinoisa pangozi kuchengetedzwa kwekutyaira mumatambudziko akakomba. Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzenjanji, Flash welding ine mwero wepamusoro we automation uye haina kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvevanhu. Midziyo yewelding yakashongedzerwa nekutonga kwekombuta, ine kushanduka kudiki mumhando yewelding uye yakakwira welding chigadzirwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kana zvichienzaniswa negasi pressure welding uye thermite welding, kusimba kweiyo contact welding seam yenjanji yakakwira, uye mwero wekuputsika pamutsetse ungangoita 0.5/10000 kana pasi. Nekudaro, zvichienzaniswa neiyo base zvinhu, simba rayo richiri rakaderera pane iro reiyo base zvinhu nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:
(1) Njanji ihombe-chikamu bhaa zvinhu, uye musimboti wayo hauna kunaka, ine yakaderera melting point inclusions, yakasununguka, uye yakakora zviyo. Munguva yekugadzira uye kushungurudza nzira, iyo yemucheto zvinhu inowedzerwa, uye iyo yakakosha zvinhu Inotsiviwa nekuwedzera kwekunze, uye iyo fibrous tishu inokanganiswa uye yakakotama, uye iyo yakakura kuwanda kwekugumburisa, zvakanyanya kuoneka mamiriro aya.
(2) Nekuda kwekupisa kwekupisa kwekushisa kwakanyanya, zviyo zvakakora munzvimbo ye1-2mm yakatenderedza weld, uye zviyo zvinoderedzwa kusvika 1-2 mamakisi.
(3) Chikamu chemuchinjikwa chenjanji hachina kuenzana, kumusoro uye pasi penjanji zvikamu zvakabatana, uye makona maviri epasi penjanji akawedzera zvikamu. Kupisa kwemakona maviri ezasi kwenjanji kwakaderera panguva yewelding. kushushikana kwekushisa
(4) Pane zvikanganiso zvinonetsa kubvisa pane weld - grey mavara.
02 Gasi kumanikidza welding welding nzira uye maitiro
Parizvino, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya gasi kudzvanywa kwenjanji idiki nhare gasi rinomanikidza welding muchina, unonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira majoini emajoini enjanji refu pane saiti, uye inogona zvakare kushandisa yakavharwa skylight yekushongedza njanji dzakakuvadzwa.
Nheyo yacho ndeyekupisa iyo welded yekupedzisira kumeso kwenjanji kune nyika yepurasitiki, uye kugadzira huwandu hunogumbura pasi pechiito chesimba rakagadziriswa rinogumbura. Kana iyo inoshungurudza huwandu inosvika kune imwe chiyero, njanji inosungirirwa kuita yakazara.
Ikozvino madiki emhepo anomanikidza welding machina anonyanya kuve welding mudzimba, uye iyo welding process inowanzo patsanurwa kuita nhanho senge oxy-acetylene flame preheating, pre-pressurization, low-pressure upset, high-pressure upsetting, uye pressure-kubata nekusundidzira. Izvo zvinodikanwa kurongedza njanji nemaoko uye kutarisa mamiriro ekudziya neziso rakashama, saka zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nehunhu hwevanhu, uye zvinowanzoitika kune weld zvikanganiso uye majoini kukanganisa.
Asi nekuti ine hunhu hwemidziyo yakapusa, saizi diki uye huremu huremu, zviri nyore kufamba pamhepo, kunze kwenyika uye panzvimbo yekuvaka, uye mashandiro acho ari nyore, saka anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira njanji refu panzvimbo yekuvaka. .
03 Thermite welding nzira uye maitiro
Thermite welding inowanzo shandiswa mune-saiti welding yenjanji njanji, uye inzira yakakosha yekuisa mutsetse, kunyanya yekukiya isina mutsetse yekuvhara uye kugadzirisa njanji dzakapwanyika. Iyo aluminothermic welding yenjanji yakavakirwa pane yakasimba makemikari affinity pakati pealuminium mukuyerera uye okisijeni pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya. Inoderedza simbi inorema uye inoburitsa kupisa panguva imwe chete, ichinyungudusa simbi kuita simbi yakanyunguduka yekukandira nekunama.
Iyo yakakosha nzira ndeyekuisa iyo yakagadzirwa thermite flux mune yakakosha crucible, kupisa iyo inoyerera neyakakura-tembiricha match, kuburitsa yakasimba kemikari reaction, uye kuwana yakakwirira-tembiricha yakanyungudutswa simbi uye slag. Mushure mekuita kwakadzikama, dururira simbi yakanyungudutswa yepamusoro-soro muSimbisa njanji mujecha rakapisa, nyungudusa magumo enjanji dzakasungwa mujecha mold, bvisa mold yejecha mushure mekutonhora, uye gadzirisa majoini akasungwa nenguva. , uye zvikamu zviviri zvenjanji zvakabatanidzwa mune imwe. Kunyangwe iyo aluminothermic welding midziyo ine hunhu hwekudyara kushoma, nyore welding mashandiro, uye kunaka kwakanaka kwejoint, weld seam inzvimbo yakakora yakakandwa isina kusimba uye plastiki. Zvakanakisisa kuita post-weld kupisa kurapwa kuti uvandudze kushanda kweiyo welded joint. .
Muchidimbu, kunaka kwewelding yenjanji refu kunofanirwa kuve nani nekubata welding uye gasi pressure welding. Iyo yekupedzisira simba, goho simba uye kuneta simba rekubata welding uye gasi pressure welding inogona kusvika kupfuura 90% ye base simbi. Hunhu hwealuminium welding hwakanyanya kuipa, simba rayo rekupedzisira rinongoita 70% yesimbi yepasi, kuneta kwesimba kwakatonyanya, kungosvika 45% kusvika 70% yesimbi yepasi, uye simba regoho riri nani zvishoma, izvo. iri pedyo neiyo yekubata welding.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-01-2023
