Kugadzirwa kwemapanga kunotora nzvimbo yakakosha munhoroondo yekufambira mberi kwevanhu. Kare muzana ramakore rechi28 kusvika kuma20 BC, makoni endarira nemakoni emhangura, zviboorero, mapanga nemamwe mapanga emhangura akanga aoneka muChina. Mukupera kweWarring States nguva (zana ramakore rechitatu BC), mapanga emhangura akagadzirwa nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira carburizing. Zvibhorani nemasaha panguva iyoyo zvaive nezvimwe zvakada kufanana nezviboorero nemasaha zvemazuva ano.
Kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemapanga kwakauya nekuvandudzwa kwemichina yakaita semainjini emhepo mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 18.
Muna 1783, René wekuFrance akatanga kugadzira zvigayo. Muna 1923, Schrotter yeGermany yakagadzira simende carbide. Kana yakasimwa carbide inoshandiswa, kushanda kwacho kunopfuura kaviri kwesimbi yakakwirira-yekumhanya, uye kunaka kwepamusoro uye kurongeka kweiyo workpiece yakagadziriswa nekucheka zvakare inovandudzwa zvikuru.
Nekuda kwemutengo wepamusoro wesimbi inomhanya uye simende carbide, muna 1938, German Degusa Company yakawana patent pamapanga eceramic. Muna 1972, General Electric Company yekuUnited States yakagadzira polycrystalline synthetic diamond uye polycrystalline cubic boron nitride blades. Izvi zvisiri zvesimbi zvekushandisa zvinobvumira mudziyo kucheka nekumhanya kwakanyanya.
Muna 1969, Swedish Sandvik Steel Works yakawana patent yekugadzira titanium carbide-coated carbide inoiswa nemakemikari vapor deposition. Muna 1972, Bangsha neLagolan muUnited States vakagadzira nzira yekuisa mhute yekupfekedza dhizaini yakaoma yetitanium carbide kana titanium nitride pamusoro pesimende carbide kana maturusi esimbi anomhanya. Iyo nzira yekuputira pamusoro inosanganisa kusimba kwepamusoro uye kusimba kweiyo base zvinhu nehupamhi hwekuoma uye kupfeka kushorwa kweiyo yepamusoro layer, kuitira kuti iyo inoumbwa zvinhu ive nani yekucheka kuita.
Nekuda kwekushisa kwakanyanya, kukwira kwepamusoro, kumhanya kwakanyanya, uye zvikamu zvinoshanda mucorrosive fluid media, zvakanyanya kuoma-ku-muchina zvinhu zvinoshandiswa, uye otomatiki nhanho yekucheka magadzirirwo uye zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa kurongeka zviri kuramba zvichikwira nekukwira. . Paunenge uchisarudza kona yechishandiso, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise pesvedzero yezvakasiyana zvinhu, senge workpiece zvinhu, zvishandiso zvekushandisa, kugadzirisa zvivakwa (zvakaoma, kupedzisa), nezvimwe, uye zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa zvine musoro zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo.
Zvishandiso zvakajairika zvemidziyo: simbi yekumhanya, simende carbide (kusanganisira cermet), ceramics, CBN (cubic boron nitride), PCD (polycrystalline diamond), nekuti kuoma kwavo kwakaoma kupfuura imwe, saka kazhinji kutaura, kumhanya kwekucheka zvakare Imwe ndiyo. kureba kupfuura imwe.
Tool material performance analysis
High speed simbi:
Inogona kukamurwa kuita yakajairika high-speed simbi uye high-performance high-speed simbi.
Simbi yakajairika, yakadai seW18Cr4V, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mapanga akasiyana akaoma kunzwisisa. Kumhanya kwayo kwekucheka kazhinji hakuna kunyanya kukwira, uye iri 40-60m/min kana uchicheka zvakajairika simbi zvinhu.
Simbi yemhando yepamusoro-soro, yakadai seW12Cr4V4Mo, inonyungudutswa nekuwedzera imwe kabhoni, vanadium yemukati, cobalt, aluminium uye zvimwe zvinhu kune yakajairwa simbi inomhanya. Kusimba kwayo ndeye 1.5-3 nguva yeyakajairika high-speed simbi.
Carbide:
Zvinoenderana neGB2075-87 (zvichienderana neiyo 190 standard), inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: P, M, uye K. a mark; M-mhando inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira simbi. Uye simbi dzisina-ferrous, dzakaiswa yero, dzinozivikanwawo se general-purpose hard alloys, K mhando inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira simbi inopfungaira, isiri-ferrous simbi uye zvisiri-metallic zvinhu zvine machipisi mapfupi, akaiswa matsvuku.
Nhamba dzechiArab kuseri kweP, M, uye K dzinoratidza kuita kwayo uye kugadzirisa mutoro kana mamiriro ekugadzirisa. Iyo idiki nhamba, inowedzera kuoma uye yakanyanya kuoma.
Ceramics:
Ceramic zvinhu zvine zvakanaka kupfeka kuramba uye zvinogona kugadzirisa yakakwirira-kuomarara zvinhu zvakaoma kana zvisingagoneke kugadzirisa nemidziyo yechinyakare. Uye zvakare, maturusi ekucheka eceramic anogona kubvisa kushandiswa kwesimba kweannealing process, uye nekudaro inogona kuwedzera kuoma kweiyo workpiece uye kurebesa hupenyu hwesevhisi yemuchina wemuchina.
Iko kukakavara pakati peceramic blade nesimbi idiki pakucheka, kucheka hakusi nyore kunamatira kune blade, uye hazvisi nyore kubudisa yakavakirwa-kumucheto, uye inogona kuita kucheka kwepamusoro. Nokudaro, pasi pemamiriro akafanana, kushata kwepamusoro kwe workpiece kwakaderera. Kusimba kwechishandiso kwakati wandei kana kunyange makumi enguva dzakakwirira kupfuura dzechinyakare maturusi, izvo zvinoderedza huwandu hwekuchinja kwechishandiso panguva yekugadzirisa; kukwirira kwekushisa kwepamusoro, kunaka kwakatsvuka kuoma. Inogona kucheka nguva dzose pa1200 ° C. Naizvozvo, kumhanya kwekucheka kweceramic kuisirwa kunogona kunge kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo simende carbide. Inogona kuita yekucheka-kumhanya-mhanya kana kuziva "kutsiva kugaya nekutenderedza nekugaya". Iko kushanda kwekucheka kwakakwira 3-10 nguva yakakwira kupfuura iyo yechinyakare yekucheka maturusi, kuwana mhedzisiro yekuponesa maawa-awa, magetsi, uye nhamba yezvishandiso zvemuchina ne30-70% kana kupfuura.
CBN:
Iyi ndiyo yechipiri yakanyanya kuomarara zvinhu zvinozivikanwa parizvino. Kuomarara kweCBN composite sheet kazhinji HV3000 ~ 5000, iyo ine yakanyanya kugadzikana yekupisa uye kuoma kwekushisa kwakanyanya, uye ine yakanyanya oxidation kuramba. Oxidation inoitika, uye hapana makemikari anoita anoitika nesimbi-based zvinhu pa1200-1300 ° C. Iine yakanaka yekupisa conductivity uye yakaderera friction coefficient.
Polycrystalline diamond PCD:
Mapanga edhaimani ane hunhu hwekuomarara kwepamusoro, kusimba kwakasimba kwesimba, yakanaka yekupisa conductivity uye kupfeka kuramba, uye inogona kuwana yakakwira kugadzirisa kurongeka uye kushanda zvakanaka mukucheka kwepamusoro-kumhanya. Sezvo chimiro chePCD chiri chimiro chedhaimondi chakasarudzika chine mativi akasiyana, kuomarara kwayo uye kupfeka kuramba kuchiri kuderera pane izvo zvemadhaimondi ekristaro imwechete kunyangwe nekuwedzera kwebinder. Kubatana pakati peasina-ferrous simbi uye zvisiri-simbi zvinhu idiki kwazvo, uye machipisi haasi nyore kunamatira kumuromo wechishandiso kugadzira yakavakirwa-kumusoro panguva yekugadziriswa.
Iwo akateedzana minda yekushandiswa kwezvinhu:
Simbi yepamusoro-soro: inonyanya kushandiswa muzviitiko zvinoda kuomarara kwakanyanya senge maturusi ekugadzira uye maumbirwo akaomarara;
Cemented carbide: iyo yakakura kwazvo siyana yezvishandiso, inokwanisa chaizvo;
Ceramics: Inonyanya kushandiswa muhutsinye machining uye high-speed machining yezvikamu zvakaoma zvinoshandura uye zvikamu zvesimbi;
CBN: Inonyanya kushandiswa muzvikamu zvakaoma kutendeuka uye yakakwirira-yekukurumidza machining yesimbi yakakandwa zvikamu (kazhinji kutaura, inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura ceramics maererano nekupfeka kuramba, kukanganisa kusimba uye kutyoka kuramba);
PCD: Inonyanya kushandiswa kucheka kwepamusoro-soro kwesimbi isina-ferrous uye isiri-metallic materials.
Xinfa CNC maturusi ane hunhu hwakanakisa uye kusimba kwakasimba, kune ruzivo, ndapota tarisa: https://www.xinfatools.com/cnc-tools/
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-02-2023
