Mukuwedzera kune imwechete yemagetsi kuvhunduka, kupisa, uye moto semanyorero arc welding, argon arc welding inewo yakakwirira-frequency electromagnetic fields, electrode radiation, arc light damage, welding utsi, uye magasi ane chepfu ayo akasimba kudarika manual arc welding. Iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeye high frequency magetsi uye ozone.
1. Kudzivirira kukuvara kubva kune yakakwirira-frequency electromagnetic minda
1. Chizvarwa uye kukuvadza kwepamusoro-frequency electromagnetic minda
Mu tungsten arc welding uye plasma arc welding, high-frequency oscillators inowanzoshandiswa kukurudzira arc. Mamwe ma AC argon arc welding machines anoshandisawo high-frequency oscillator kudzikamisa arc. Kuwanda kweiyo yakakwira-frequency oscillator inowanzoshandiswa muwelding ndeye 200-500 zviuru zvema cycles, iyo voltage ndeye 2500-3500 volts, iyo yakakwirira-frequency ikozvino intensity ndeye 3-7 mA, uye simba remagetsi rinosvika 140-190 volts. /mita. Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kwemawelders kune yakakwirira-frequency electromagnetic minda inogona kukonzera autonomic nerve dysfunction uye neurasthenia. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kushaya simba, dzungu, kurota, kutemwa nemusoro, kutadza kuyeuka, kuneta, kushaya chido chekudya, kushaya hope uye kuderera kweBP.
Mareferensi maitiro ehutano epamusoro-frequency electromagnetic fields anotemerwa nemwaranzi inotenderwa kwemaawa masere ekuratidzwa i20 V/m. Zvinoenderana nezviyero, kusimba kweyepamusoro-frequency electromagnetic munda inogamuchirwa nezvikamu zvese zvewelder panguva yemanyorero tungsten arc welding inodarika mwero. Pakati pavo, kusimba kweruoko ndiko kwepamusoro-soro, kudarika hutano hwehutano nekanopfuura ka5. Kana high-frequency oscillator inoshandiswa chete kune arc ignition, kukanganisa kuchava kuduku nekuda kwenguva pfupi, asi kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kunokuvadzawo, uye matanho ekudzivirira anobudirira anofanira kutorwa.
2. Matanho ekudzivirira kubva kune yakakwirira-frequency electromagnetic minda
⑴ Nezve arc ignition uye arc kudzikamisa matanho muargon arc welding, edza kushandisa transistor pulse midziyo pachinzvimbo chehigh-frequency oscillation zvishandiso, kana kungobatidza arc. Mushure mekunge arc inotungidza, pakarepo cheka iyo yakakwirira-frequency magetsi.
⑵ Deredza iyo oscillation frequency, shandura capacitor uye inductor paramita, uye kuderedza oscillation frequency kusvika makumi matatu emakumi matatu ekutenderera kudzikisa kukanganisa pamuviri wemunhu. ku
⑶ Patambo newaya dzakavharirwa, shandisa waya dzakapfava dzemhangura dzakarukwa, wodziisa kunze kwepoipi yetambo (kusanganisira waya dziri mutochi yekushivirira nemuchina wesimbi), wodzipura. ku
⑷Nekuti iyo voltage yeyakakwira-frequency oscillation circuit yakakwira zvishoma, inofanirwa kunge iine yakanaka uye yakavimbika insulation.
Xinfa welding midziyo ine hunhu hwemhando yepamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera. Kuti uwane ruzivo, ndapota shanya:Welding & Cutting Manufacturers - China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
2. Kudzivirirwa kweRadiation Injury
1. Nzvimbo uye njodzi dzemwaranzi
Iyo thoriated tungsten electrode inoshandiswa mu argon arc welding uye plasma arc welding ine 1-1.2% thorium oxide. Thorium chinhu cheradioactive chinokanganiswa nemwaranzi panguva yewelding uye panguva yekubata neiyo thoriated tungsten tsvimbo.
Radiation inoshanda pamuviri wemunhu nenzira mbiri: imwe irradiation yekunze, uye imwe irradiation yemukati kana ichipinda mumuviri kuburikidza nekufema uye digestive system. Huwandu hukuru hwekuferefeta uye kuyerwa pane argon arc welding uye plasma arc welding zvakaratidza kuti njodzi dzadzo dzeradioactive idiki, nekuti chete 100-200 mg ye thoriated tungsten tsvimbo inopedzwa zuva rega rega, uye mwaranzi dosi idiki zvakanyanya uye ine zvishoma. kukanganisa pamuviri wemunhu. . Zvisinei, pane mamiriro maviri ezvinhu anofanirwa kutariswa kune: kutanga, kana welding mumudziyo, kufefetera hakusi kutsetseka, uye zvidimbu zveradioactive muutsi zvinogona kudarika hutano hwehutano; chechipiri, paunenge uchikuya thorium tungsten tsvimbo uye kune vanhurium tungsten tsvimbo, radioactive aerosols Uye kusanganiswa kweguruva rinopisa rinogona kusvika kana kutopfuura mitemo yehutano. Kupinda kwezvinhu zvemagetsi emagetsi mumuviri kunogona kukonzera chirwere chisingaperi chemwaranzi, iyo inonyanya kuratidzwa mukuderera kwemaitiro ekushanda kwese, kushaya simba uye kushaya simba kwakajeka, kuderedzwa zvakanyanya kupikisa zvirwere zvinotapukira, kuora muviri uye zvimwe zviratidzo. ku
2. Matanho ekudzivirira kukuvara kwemwaranzi
⑴Twori yetungsten tsvimbo dzinofanirwa kuve nemidziyo yekuchengetera yakakosha. Kana dzakachengetwa muhuwandu hukuru, dzinofanirwa kuvanzwa mumabhokisi esimbi uye dzakashongedzerwa nemapombi ekupedza.
⑵ Paunenge uchishandisa chivharo chakavharwa chewelding, chivharo hachifanirwe kuvhurwa panguva yekushanda. Panguva yekushanda kwemanyorero, helmete yekudzivirira yemhepo inofanirwa kupfekwa kana mamwe matanho anoshanda anofanira kutorwa. ku
⑶ Gumbo rekukuya rinokosha rinofanira kugadzirirwa kugaya tungsten tsvimbo. Iyo grinder inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yekubvisa guruva. Kukuya marara pasi peguyo kunofanira kucheneswa kazhinji nekunyorova kucheneswa uye kuisa pfungwa uye kuvigwa zvakadzama. ku
⑷ Pfeka chifukidzo cheguruva paunenge uchikuya tungsten tsvimbo. Mushure mekusangana netungsten tsvimbo, unofanirwa kugeza maoko ako nemvura inoyerera nesipo, uye kugeza mbatya dzako dzebasa nemagirovhosi nguva zhinji. ku
⑸Sarudza zvinonzwisisika kana welding nekucheka kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya kweiyo thoriated tungsten tsvimbo. ku
⑹ Edza kusashandisa tungsten tsvimbo asi shandisa cerium tungsten tsvimbo kana yttrium tungsten tsvimbo, nekuti maviri ekupedzisira haana radioactive.
3. Kudzivirira arc light kukuvara
1. Njodzi dzearc radiation
Welding arc radiation inonyanya kusanganisira mwenje unooneka, infrared ray uye ultraviolet mwaranzi. Ivo vanoita pamuviri wemunhu uye vanotorwa nematishu emunhu, zvichikonzera kupisa, photochemical kana ionization mhedzisiro pamatishu, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kwematishu emunhu.
⑴ Ultraviolet rays Iyo wavelength ye ultraviolet mwaranzi iri pakati pe 0.4-0.0076 microns. Kupfupika kwewavelength, ndiko kukura kwekukuvadzwa kwebiology. Ganda remunhu uye maziso anonetseka nekunyanya kuratidzwa kune ultraviolet mwaranzi. Pasi pekuita kwemwaranzi yakasimba ye ultraviolet, ganda rinogona kukonzera dermatitis, ne erythema inoratidzika paganda, sekunge yakave yakaratidzwa kune zuva, uye kunyange zviduku zviduku, exudate uye edema, nekupisa, kuchenesa, unyoro, uye gare gare kusviba. . Peeling. Maziso anonyanya kunzwa kune ultraviolet mwaranzi. Kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kunogona kukonzera keratoconjunctivitis, iyo inonzi electrophoto ophthalmia. Zviratidzo zvinorwadza, kunzwa gritty, misodzi yakawandisa, photophobia, kutya mhepo, uye kusaona zvakanaka. Kazhinji, Hapazovi nekutevera. ku
Iro ultraviolet rays ye welding arc ine simba rakasimba rekukuvadza fiber, uye micheka yekotoni ndiyo yakanyanya kukuvadzwa. Jira jena rine simba reUV rakasimba rekudzivirira nekuda kwesimba rayo rinoratidzira zvinhu. Iyo ultraviolet mwaranzi inogadzirwa ne argon arc welding ndeye 5-10 nguva iyo yemanyorero arc welding, uye kukuvara kwakanyanya. Mbatya dzebasa dzeArgon arc welding dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa neadhi-resistant machira senge tweed uye oak silk.
⑵Infrared ray Iyo yavelength ye infrared ray iri pakati pe343-0.76 microns. Kukuvadza kwayo kukuru kumuviri wemunhu ndiko kupisa kwenyama. Long-wave infrared rays inogona kutorwa nemuviri wemunhu, zvichiita kuti vanhu vanzwe kupisa; short-wave infrared rays inogona kutorwa nematishu, zvichiita kuti vanzwe kupisa.
Inopisa ropa uye matishu akadzika, zvichikonzera kupisa. Munguva yekugadzira, maziso ako acharatidzwa kune yakasimba infrared nemwaranzi, uye iwe unobva wanzwa kutsva kwakasimba uye kurwadziwa kunopisa, uye kupenya kuchaitika. Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera infrared cataracts, kurasikirwa kwekuona, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, upofu. Inogonawo kukonzera kutsva kweretinal.
⑶Chiedza chinooneka Kuchinja kwechiedza chechiedza chinooneka chewelding arc yakakura kudarika 10,000 nguva huru pane kuchinja kwechiedza icho ziso rakashama rinogona kutsungirira. Kana akaiswa mumwaranzi, maziso anogona kunzwa kurwadziwa uye kusaona zvakajeka kwekanguva. Iyo arc inowanzonzi "inopenya", uye kugona kushanda kwakarasika munguva pfupi, asi inogona kudzoserwa munguva pfupi. ku
2. Dziviriro kubva kune welding arc light
Kuti udzivirire maziso kubva pakukuvara kwearc light, welders vanofanirwa kupfeka mask ine yakakosha sefa kana vachipisa. Iyo maski inogadzirwa nekadhibhodhi yesimbi yakasviba, iyo yakanyatso kuumbwa, yakareruka, inodzivirira kupisa, isina-conductive, uye haina kubuda chiedza. Iyo sefa lens yakamisikidzwa pamask, inowanzozivikanwa segirazi dema, inowanzoshandiswa seyekunyudza sefa lens. Kusarudzwa kwaro kwehutema kunofanira kugadziriswa maererano nekusimba kweiyo welding ikozvino. Chiono che welder uye kupenya kwenzvimbo yewelding inofanirawo kutariswa. Vechidiki mawelder vane maziso akanaka uye vanofanirwa kushandisa mafirita lenzi ane mavara makuru uye akasviba. Kana welding usiku kana munzvimbo ine rima, rima lenzi rinofanirawo kusarudzwa.
Kune mhando yeinopenya inodzivirira lens inogona kuratidza yakasimba arc mwenje, kushaya simba kusimba kwechiedza chearc chinokuvadza maziso, uye kudzivirira maziso zviri nani. Kune zvakare photoelectric lens inogona kugadzirisa mwenje woga. Iine kujeka kwakanaka kana arc isina kudzikiswa uye inogona kunyatsoona mamiriro ari kunze kwegirazi. Kana iyo arc ikatungidzwa, kusviba kwemagogi kunobva kwadzika uye kunogona kuvhara chiedza zvakanaka. Izvi zvinobvisa kukosha kwekusimudza mask kana kufinya magirazi ekudzivirira kana uchichinja welding tsvimbo.
Kuti udzivirire ganda re welder kubva mukukuvadzwa kwearc, zvipfeko zvekudzivirira zve welder zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa nemwenje-ruvara kana chena canvas kuti uwedzere kugona kutaridzika kwearc mwenje. Homwe dzembatya dzebasa dzinofanira kunge dzakasviba. Paunenge uchishanda, macuffs anofanirwa kusungwa zvakasimba, magirovhosi anofanira kuiswa kunze kwecuffs, collar inofanira kusungirirwa, makumbo ebhuruku haafaniri kuderedzwa, uye ganda harifaniri kubudiswa pachena.
Kuti vadzivise vashandi vebetsero uye vamwe vashandi vari pedyo nenzvimbo yokunamatisa kuti vasakuvadzwa nemwenje wearc, vanofanira kushandira pamwe, kuti mhoroi vasati vatanga moto, uye vashandi vebetsero vanofanira kupfeka magirazi ane mavara. Paunenge uchiputira munzvimbo yakagadziriswa, chidzitiro chekudzivirira chiedza chinofanira kushandiswa.
Njodzi dzeToxic Gases
Pasi pechiito chekushisa kwakanyanya uye yakasimba ultraviolet rays ye welding arc, akasiyana-siyana magasi anokuvadza anoumbwa akapoteredza arc zone, pakati peiyo ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide uye hydrogen fluoride ndiyo inonyanya kukosha.
1. Ozone Oxygen mumhepo inopinda photochemical reactions pasi penguva pfupi-wave ultraviolet irradiation kuti ibudise ozone (O3). Ozone igasi reblue rakachena rine hwema hunonhuwa. Kana iyo yakanyanyisa, ine kunhuhwirira kwehove; kana fungidziro yakakwira, ine kakuvava zvishoma mukunhuhwirira kwehove. Kukuvadza kwayo kukuru kumuviri wemunhu ndeyekuti ine simba rinokurudzira rakasimba pamhepo yekufema nemapapu. Kana iyo ozone concentration inopfuura imwe muganhu, inowanzokonzera chikosoro, huro yakaoma, rurimi rwakaoma, kuoma kwechipfuva, kurasikirwa kwechido, kuneta, dzungu, kusvotwa, kurwadziwa kukuru, etc. Muzviitiko zvakanyanya, kunyanya kana welding mumudziyo wakavharwa ne kutadza kufema zvakanaka, kunogona kukonzera bronchitis.
Zvinoenderana nezviyero, iyo ozone yekumisikidza munzvimbo yewelding ine hukama nezvinhu zvakaita senge nzira dzewelding, welding zvinhu, magasi ekudzivirira, uye welding zvakatemwa.
Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuferefeta uye kutsvagisa kunzvimbo dzekugadzira munyika yangu, chiyero chehutsanana cheiyo ozone concentration ndeye 0.3 mg/m3.
2. Nitrogen oxides Nitrogen oxides panguva yekugadzira welding inoumbwa nekuda kwekupisa kwepamusoro kwearc, iyo inokonzera kuparadzaniswa uye kusanganiswa kwe nitrogen uye oksijeni mamorekuru mumhepo. Nitrogen oxides ari kushatirisa magasi ane chepfu, asi ane chepfu shoma pane ozone. Nitrogen oxides inonyanya kuve nekukurudzira pamapapu.
Izvo zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuwanda kwe nitrogen oxides zvakafanana neozone. Munguva ye argon arc welding uye plasma arc welding, kana matanho ekufema asina kutorwa, kuwanda kwenitrogen oxides kunowanzopfuura hutano hwehutano nekanopfuura kagumi kana kunyange makumi enguva. Nyika yedu inotaura kuti chiyero chehutano hwenitrogen oxides (inoshandurwa kuita = nitrogen oxide) i5 mg/m3.
Munguva yewelding process, mukana wenitrogen oxides uripo wega idiki kwazvo. Kazhinji ozone uye nitrogen oxides aripo panguva imwe chete, saka anowedzera chepfu. Kazhinji, kuvapo kwemagasi maviri ane chepfu panguva imwe chete ndeye 15-20 nguva inokuvadza kupfuura imwe gasi ine chepfu.
3. Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide inoumbwa nekuparara kwecarbon dioxide gasi pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro kwearc. Ese marudzi eakavhurika arc welding anoburitsa kabhoni monoxide gasi, pakati peiyo carbon dioxide yakavharidzirwa welding inoburitsa yakanyanya kuwanda. Zvinoenderana nezviyero, iyo kabhoni monoxide yekumisikidza padyo nemask yewelder inogona kusvika 300 mg/m3, iyo inodarika zvakapetwa kagumi kupfuura hutano hwehutano. Iko kusungirirwa kwekabhoni monoxide inogadzirwa panguva yeplasma arc welding zvakare yakanyanya kukwirira, saka kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa pakushanda munzvimbo isina mhepo inofefetera.
Pane inenge 1% kabhoni monoxide muutsi hwemanyorero arc welding, uye kusungirirwa mumudziyo wakavharwa usina kufefetera zvakanaka kunogona kusvika 15 mg/m3. mamiriro ehutano hwenyika yangu anoratidza kuti carbon monoxide concentration i30 mg/m3.
Carbon monoxide igasi rinopisa. Hunhu hwayo hwehupfu pamuviri wemunhu ndehwekukanganisa kufambiswa kweokisijeni mumuviri kana kushanda kwekutorwa kweokisijeni, zvichikonzera tishu hypoxia uye nhevedzano yezviratidzo uye zviratidzo zve hypoxia. Zviratidzo zveacute carbon monoxide poisoning ndezvi: musoro, dzungu, kusvotwa, kurutsa, kushaya simba, kupera simba mumakumbo, uye kunyange kunzwa kupera simba. Kana iwe ukabva panzvimbo yacho pakarepo uye uchifema mumhepo itsva, zviratidzo zvinopera nokukurumidza. Muzviitiko zvakanyanya kuipa, kuwedzera kukuwedzera kwezviratidzo zviri pamusoro apa, kurova kwemwoyo kunowedzera, munhu haakwanisi kufamba, opinda pakoma, uye angatoomeswa nezviratidzo zvakaita secerebral edema, pulmonary edema, kukuvara kwemyocardial, uye rhythm yemwoyo. kusagadzikana. Carbon monoxide pasi pemamiriro ekushivirira inonyanya kuve nemhedzisiro isingaperi pamuviri wemunhu. Kufema kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera neurasthenia semusoro, dzungu, ruvara rwakacheneruka, kushaya simba kwemakumbo nemaoko, kuonda, uye kusagadzikana zvachose.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-22-2024
