1. Overview of cryogenic simbi
1) Zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvesimbi yakaderera-tembiricha zvinowanzo: simba rakakwana uye kusimba kwakakwana munzvimbo yakaderera-tembiricha, yakanaka welding performance, mashandiro ekugadzirisa uye kushomeka kwemarara, etc. Pakati pavo, kushomeka kwekushisa kwakadzika, ndiko kuti, kugona. kudzivirira kuitika uye kuwedzera kwe brittle fracture pane yakaderera tembiricha ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chinhu. Naizvozvo, nyika dzinowanzo taura imwe mhedzisiro yekuoma kukosha patembiricha yakaderera.
2) Pakati pezvikamu zvesimbi yakaderera-tembiricha, zvinotendwa kuti zvinhu zvakaita sekabhoni, silicon, phosphorus, sarufa, uye nitrogen zvinokanganisa kusimba kwekudzika-tembiricha, uye phosphorous ndiyo inonyanya kukuvadza, saka kutanga kuderera-tembiricha dephosphorization kunofanirwa kuve. yakaitwa panguva yekunyungudutsa. Zvinhu zvakadai semanganese uye nickel zvinogona kuvandudza kuderera kwekushisa. Pakuwedzera kwe1% mune nickel yemukati, brittle yakakosha shanduko tembiricha inogona kudzikiswa ne20°C.
3) Maitiro ekupisa kupisa ane simba rakasimba pane iyo metallographic chimiro uye saizi yezviyo zvepasi-tembiricha simbi, iyo inokanganisawo kudzika-tembiricha kuoma kwesimbi. Mushure mekudzima uye kupisa kurapwa, iyo yakaderera tembiricha kuoma zviri pachena inovandudzwa.
4) Zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzekupisa-kuumba nzira, simbi yakadzika-yekupisa inogona kukamurwa kuita simbi yakakandwa uye yakakungurutswa simbi. Zvinoenderana nekusiyana kwekuumbwa uye metallographic chimiro, yakaderera tembiricha simbi inogona kukamurwa kuita: yakaderera alloy simbi, 6% nickel simbi, 9% nickel simbi, chromium-manganese kana chromium-manganese-nickel austenitic simbi uye chromium-nickel austenitic simbi isina tsvina. wait. Low-alloy simbi inowanzo shandiswa mutembiricha ingangoita -100 ° C pakugadzira michina yefiriji, midziyo yekufambisa, makamuri ekuchengetera vinyl uye petrochemical midziyo. MuUnited States, United Kingdom, Japan nedzimwe nyika, 9% nickel simbi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvivako zvisingadziviriri pa196 ° C, zvakadai sematangi ekuchengetedza uye kutakura kwe liquefied biogas uye methane, midziyo yekuchengetedza oxygen yemvura. , uye kugadzira mvura okisijeni uye mvura nitrogen. Austenitic Stainless simbi yakanaka kwazvo yakaderera-tembiricha yekugadzira zvinhu. Iyo ine yakanaka yakaderera-tembiricha kuoma, yakanakisa welding performance, uye yakaderera thermal conductivity. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakaderera-tembiricha, senge matangi ekutakura uye matangi ekuchengetedza emvura hydrogen uye okisijeni yemvura. Nekudaro, nekuti ine yakawanda chromium uye nickel, inodhura zvakanyanya.
2. Overview yakaderera tembiricha simbi welding kuvaka
Paunosarudza nzira yekuvaka welding uye mamiriro ekuvaka kwesimbi-yakadzika, chinangwa chedambudziko chiri pazvinhu zviviri zvinotevera: kudzivirira kuparara kwekudzika-kupisa kwekuoma kwejoini yakasungwa uye kudzivirira kuitika kwekuputika kwekuputika.
1) Bevel kugadzirisa
Iyo groove fomu yepasi-tembiricha simbi yakasungwa majoini haina kusiyana kubva kune yakajairwa kabhoni simbi, yakaderera alloy simbi kana simbi isina tsvina, uye inogona kurapwa semazuva ese. Asi kune 9Ni Gang, kona yekuvhura yegorovha iri nani isiri pasi pe70 madhigirii, uye mupendero wakashata hausi pasi pe3mm.
Masimbi ese akadzikama tembiricha anogona kutemwa netochi ye oxyacetylene. Ingori kuti kumhanya kwekucheka kunononoka zvishoma kana gasi kucheka 9Ni simbi pane kana gasi richicheka yakajairwa kabhoni dhizaini simbi. Kana hupamhi hwesimbi hunopfuura 100mm, iyo yekucheka inogona kupiswa kusvika 150-200 ° C isati yacheka gasi, asi kwete kupfuura 200 ° C.
Gasi rekucheka harina mhedzisiro yakaipa munzvimbo dzakabatwa nekupisa kupisa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuzviomesa-kuomesera zvinhu zvesimbi ine nickel, iyo yakachekwa yepamusoro ichaoma. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kunogutsa kwekubatanidzwa kwewelded, zviri nani kushandisa gumbo rekukuya kukuya pamusoro pecheki chepamusoro chakachena chisati chaputirwa.
Arc gouging inogona kushandiswa kana weld bead kana base simbi ichizobviswa panguva yekuvaka welding. Zvisinei, pamusoro pechinyorwa chinofanira kuramba chakachena chisati chaiswa zvakare.
Oxyacetylene flame gouging haifanirwe kushandiswa nekuda kwengozi yekupisa simbi.
2) Kusarudzwa kwewelding nzira
Nzira dzakajairwa dzekutungirira dziripo kune yakaderera-tembiricha simbi dzinosanganisira arc welding, pasi pemvura arc welding, uye yakanyungudutswa electrode argon arc welding.
Arc welding ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa welding nzira kune yakaderera tembiricha simbi, uye inogona kusungirirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzewelding. The welding heat input inenge 18-30KJ/cm. Kana yakaderera-hydrogen mhando electrode inoshandiswa, inogutsa zvachose welded joint inogona kuwanikwa. Kwete chete michina yemagetsi yakanaka, asi iyo notch kuomarara zvakare yakanaka. Uye zvakare, iyo arc welding muchina iri nyore uye yakachipa, uye mari yekushandisa idiki, uye haina kukanganiswa nechinzvimbo uye kutungamira. zvakanakira zvakadai sezvisingakwanisi.
Kupisa kwekupinza kwearc welding yesimbi yakadzika tembiricha inenge 10-22KJ/cm. Nekuda kwemidziyo yayo iri nyore, yakakwirira welding kunyatsoshanda uye kushanda kuri nyore, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekupisa kwekupisa kweiyo flux, mwero wekutonhora unodzikiswa, saka pane hunhu hwakakura hwekugadzira kuputika kunopisa. Mukuwedzera, tsvina uye Si inogona kazhinji kupinda mu weld metal kubva pakuyerera, izvo zvichawedzera kukurudzira tsika iyi. Naizvozvo, Paunenge uchishandisa yakanyura arc welding, teerera kune kusarudzwa kwewaya welding uye flux uye shanda nemazvo.
Majoini akasungwa neCO2 gasi akavharidzirwa welding ane kushomeka kwakaderera, saka haashandiswe mukupisa kuderera kwesimbi welding.
Tungsten argon arc welding (TIG welding) inowanzoitwa nemaoko, uye kupisa kwayo kwekupisa kunogumira ku9-15KJ/cm. Nokudaro, kunyange zvazvo majoini akasungwa ane zvinhu zvinogutsa zvachose, hazvina kukodzera zvachose kana kukora kwesimbi kunodarika 12mm.
MIG welding ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa otomatiki kana semi-otomatiki welding nzira mune yakaderera tembiricha simbi welding. Welding yayo yekupisa yekupinda ndeye 23-40KJ/cm. Zvinoenderana neyekudonhedza nzira yekuendesa, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: pfupi-circuit yekufambisa nzira (yakaderera kupisa yekuisa), jet yekufambisa nzira (yepamusoro kupisa kupinza) uye pulse jet transfer process (yakanyanya kupisa yekuisa). Short-circuit transition MIG welding ine dambudziko rekupinda kusina kukwana, uye kukanganisa kwehurombo husina kunaka kunogona kuitika. Matambudziko akafanana aripo nemamwe maMIG fluxes, asi kune imwe dhigirii. Kuti iite kuti arc iwedzere kusimba kuti iwane kupinda kunogutsa, akati wandei muzana kusvika makumi muzana eCO2 kana O2 anogona kupinzwa mu argon yakachena segasi rinodzivirira. Mazana akakodzera achatarwa nekuongororwa kweimwe simbi iri kushiswa.
3) Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekushongedza
Welding zvinhu (kusanganisira welding tsvimbo, welding waya uye flux, nezvimwewo) zvinofanirwa kunge zvichibva panzira yewelding inoshandiswa. Joint fomu uye groove chimiro uye mamwe anodiwa maitiro ekusarudza. Kune yakaderera-kupisa simbi, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kutarisisa kuita kuti weld simbi ine yakaderera-tembiricha kuoma zvakakwana kuti ienderane hwaro simbi, uye kuderedza zviri diffusible hydrogen mairi.
Xinfa welding ine yakanakisa mhando uye yakasimba kusimba, kune ruzivo, ndapota tarisa:https://www.xinfatools.com/welding-cutting/
(1) Aluminium deoxidized simbi
Aluminium deoxidized simbi igiredhi resimbi rinonzwa zvakanyanya kusimba rekutonhora kweyero mushure mewelding. Mazhinji emagetsi anoshandiswa mumanual arc welding yealuminium deoxidized steel iSi-Mn low-hydrogen electrodes kana 1.5% Ni uye 2.0% Ni electrodes.
Kuti uderedze kupinza kwekupisa, aruminiyamu deoxidized simbi kazhinji inongotora multi-layer welding ine maelectrodes matete e ≤¢ 3 ~ 3.2mm, kuitira kuti yechipiri kupisa kutenderera kwekumusoro kweweld kugone kushandiswa kukwenenzvera tsanga.
Iko kusimba kwekusimba kwesimbi ye weld welded neSi-Mn series electrode inoderera zvakanyanya pa50 ℃ nekuwedzera kwekupisa. Semuenzaniso, kana kupisa kunowedzera kubva 18KJ/cm kusvika 30KJ/cm, kuoma kucharasikirwa kupfuura 60%. 1.5% Ni series uye 2.5% Ni series welding electrodes haisi kunyanya kunetseka kune izvi, saka zvakanakisisa kusarudza rudzi urwu rwe electrode ye welding.
Submerged arc welding inowanzoshandiswa otomatiki welding nzira yealuminium deoxidized simbi. Waya yewelding inoshandiswa mumvura yakanyura arc welding ingangoita imhando ine 1.5 ~ 3.5% nickel uye 0.5 ~ 1.0% molybdenum.
Maererano nezvinyorwa, ne 2.5% Ni-0.8% Cr-0.5% Mo kana 2% Ni welding waya, inofananidzwa neinoyerera yakakodzera, avhareji Charpy kuoma kukosha kwesimbi weld pa -55 ° C inogona kusvika 56-70J (5.7 ~7.1Kgf.m). Kunyangwe kana 0.5% Mo welding wire uye manganese alloy basic flux zvichishandiswa, chero bedzi kupisa kwekuisa kuchidzorwa pazasi 26KJ/cm, weld simbi ine ν∑-55=55J (5.6Kgf.m) inogona kugadzirwa.
Paunenge uchisarudza flux, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa pakufananidza kweSi neMn mune weld simbi. Test evidence. Izvo zvakasiyana zveSi neMn zviri mukati mesimbi yeweld zvinoshandura zvakanyanya kukosha kweCharpy. Izvo Si neMn zviri mukati zvine yakanakisa kusimba kukosha ndeye 0.1 ~ 0.2% Si uye 0.7 ~ 1.1% Mn. Pakusarudza welding waya uye Ziva izvi paunenge uchitengesa.
Tungsten argon arc welding uye simbi argon arc welding haishandiswe zvishoma mualuminium deoxidized simbi. Idzo dziri pamusoro apa waya dzekuputira dzakanyura arc welding dzinogona kushandiswawo kune argon arc welding.
(2) 2.5Ni simbi uye 3.5Ni
Iyo yakanyudzwa arc welding kana MIG welding ye2.5Ni simbi uye 3.5Ni simbi inogona kazhinji kugadzirwa newaya yewelding yakafanana neye base material. Asi sezvinoratidzwa naWilkinson formula (5), Mn chinhu chinopisa chinoputika inhibitor chepasi-nickel yakaderera-tembiricha simbi. Kuchengeta manganese zvirimo musimbi ye weld inenge 1.2% inobatsira zvikuru kudzivirira matsemuka anopisa searc crater cracks. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa pakusarudza kusanganiswa kwewaya welding uye flux.
3.5Ni simbi inoita kunge ine hasha uye yakanyungudutswa, saka mushure me-weld kupisa kurapwa (semuenzaniso, 620 ° C×1 awa, ipapo kutonhora kwechoto) kubvisa kusara kunetseka, ν∑-100 inodonha zvakanyanya kubva 3.8 Kgf.m kusvika 2.1Kgf.m haichakwanisi kuzadzisa zvinodiwa. Iyo weld simbi inogadzirwa newelding ine 4.5% Ni-0.2% Mo series welding wire ine diki diki yekushatirwa. Kushandisa iyi welding waya kunogona kudzivirira matambudziko ari pamusoro.
(3) 9Ni simbi
9Ni simbi inowanzo batwa nekupisa nekudzima kana kudzikamisa kaviri nekudzikamisa kuti iwedzere kuoma kwayo kwekushisa. Asi iyo weld simbi yesimbi iyi haigone kupisa inobatwa sepamusoro. Naizvozvo, zvinonetsa kuwana weld simbi ine yakaderera-tembiricha kusimba kuenzaniswa neiyo ye base simbi kana iron-based welding consumables inoshandiswa. Parizvino, high-nickel welding zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa. Iwo welds akaiswa neakadaro welding zvinhu anozove austenitic zvachose. Kunyangwe iine zvakaipira zvesimba rakaderera pane iyo 9Ni simbi base zvinhu uye inodhura zvakanyanya mitengo, brittle fracture haisisiri dambudziko rakakura kwairi.
Kubva pamusoro, zvinogona kuzivikanwa kuti nokuti weld simbi zvachose austenitic, yakaderera tembiricha toughness ye weld simbi inoshandiswa nomoto pamwe electrodes uye waya inofananidzwa zvachose neiyo yehwaro simbi, asi tensile simba uye goho pfungwa vari. yakaderera kupfuura simbi yepasi. Simbi ine nickel inozviomesa yega, saka maelectrode mazhinji nemawaya anotarisisa kudzikamisa kabhoni yemukati kuitira kuti igone kugoneka.
Mo chinhu chakakosha chekusimbisa mune welding zvinhu, nepo Nb, Ta, Ti uye W zvakakosha toughening zvinhu, izvo zvakapihwa kutarisisa kwakazara mukusarudzwa kwewelding zvinhu.
Kana iyo imwe chete waya yewelding ichishandiswa pakugadzira, kusimba uye kusimba kwesimbi ye weld yearc welding yakanyura yakaipisisa kupfuura iyo yeMIG welding, iyo inogona kukonzerwa nekudzikira kwekutonhora kweweld uye nekugona kupinza kwetsvina kana Si. kubva pakubuda kwe.
3. A333-GR6 yakaderera tembiricha simbi pombi welding
1) Weldability kuongororwa kweA333-GR6 simbi
Simbi yeA333-GR6 ndeyesimbi yepasi-tembiricha, tembiricha yebasa shoma ndeye -70 ℃, uye inowanzo pihwa mune yakajairwa kana yakajairwa uye yakadzikama. A333-GR6 simbi ine yakaderera kabhoni yemukati, saka iyo kuomesa maitiro uye kutonhora kutsemuka kudiki, zvinhu zvine kusimba kwakanaka uye mapurasitiki, kazhinji hazvisi nyore kugadzira kuomarara nekutsemuka, uye ine yakanaka weldability. ER80S-Ni1 argon arc welding wire inogona kushandiswa Ne W707Ni electrode, shandisa argon-electric joint welding, kana shandisa ER80S-Ni1 argon arc welding wire, uye shandisa argon arc welding yakazara kuti ive nechokwadi chekuoma kwemajoini akaiswa. Chiratidzo che argon arc welding wire uye electrode inogonawo kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvine maitiro akafanana, asi zvinogona kushandiswa chete nemvumo yemuridzi.
2) Welding process
Kuti uwane yakadzama welding process nzira, ndapota tarisa kune welding process yekuraira bhuku kana WPS. Panguva yekubatanidza, I-type butt joint uye full argon arc welding inogamuchirwa kune mapaipi ane dhayamita isingasviki 76.2 mm; kune mapaipi ane dhayamita yakakura kudarika 76.2 mm, V-shaped grooves inogadzirwa, uye nzira ye argon-electric combination welding ne argon arc priming uye multi-layer filling inoshandiswa kana Nzira yekuzara argon arc welding. Iyo chaiyo nzira ndeyekusarudza inoenderana welding nzira zvinoenderana nemusiyano wepombi dhayamita uye pombi madziro ukobvu muWPS inotenderwa nemuridzi.
3) Kupisa kurapwa maitiro
(1) Preheat usati welding
Kana tembiricha yepakati yakadzikira kupfuura 5 ° C, iyo weldment inoda kuve yakare, uye tembiricha yekupisa iri 100-150 ° C; preheating range iri 100 mm kumativi ose e weld; inopisa nemoto we oxyacetylene (murazvo usina kwawakarerekera), uye tembiricha inoyerwa Peni inoyera tembiricha iri chinhambwe che50-100 mm kubva pakati peiyo weld, uye nzvimbo dzekuyera tembiricha dzakagoverwa zvakaenzana kudzora tembiricha zviri nani. .
(2) Post-weld kupisa kurapwa
Kuti uvandudze iyo notch kuomarara kwesimbi yakaderera-yekupisa, zvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa zvakadzimwa uye kudzikamiswa. Zvisizvo post-weld kupisa kurapwa kazhinji kunokanganisa kwayo kuderera-kupisa kwekuita, iyo inofanirwa kubhadharwa zvakakwana. Saka, kunze kwemamiriro ehukuru hweweldment ukobvu kana zvakanyanya kuzvidzora mamiriro, post-weld kupisa kurapwa kazhinji haaitirwe pasi-tembiricha simbi. Semuyenzaniso, welding yemapaipi matsva eLPG muCSPC haidi kurapwa kwemashure-weld kupisa. Kana post-weld kupisa kurapwa kuchidikanwa mune mamwe mapurojekiti, mwero wekupisa, nguva yekupisa yenguva dzose uye chiyero chekutonhora kwemashure-weld kupisa kurapwa kunofanirwa kunyatsoenderana nemirairo inotevera:
Kana tembiricha ichikwira pamusoro pe400 ℃, mwero wekupisa haufanire kudarika 205 × 25/δ ℃/h, uye haufanirwe kudarika 330 ℃/h. Nguva yekushisa nguva dzose inofanira kuva 1 awa pa25 mm rusvingo, uye kwete pasi pemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Munguva yenguva dzose tembiricha, musiyano wetembiricha pakati pepamusoro-soro uye yakaderera tembiricha inofanira kunge yakaderera pane 65 ℃.
Mushure menguva dzose tembiricha, mwero wekutonhodza haufanire kunge wakakura kupfuura 65 × 25/δ ℃/h, uye haifanire kunge yakakura kupfuura 260 ℃/h. Kutonhora kwepanyama kunobvumirwa pasi pe400 ℃. TS-1 mhando yekupisa kupisa michina inodzorwa nekombuta.
4) Kuchengetedza
(1) Preheat zvakanyanya maererano nemirairo, uye kudzora tembiricha yepakati, uye tembiricha yepakati inodzorwa pa100-200 ℃. Imwe neimwe welding seam ichaiswa welded panguva imwe, uye kana ikakanganiswa, inononoka kutonhora matanho anotorwa.
(2) Iyo pamusoro peiyo weldment inorambidzwa zvachose kubva pakukwenywa nearc. Iyo arc crater inofanirwa kuzadzwa kumusoro uye zvikanganiso zvinofanirwa kuvhuvhuta negumbo rekukuya kana arc yakavharwa. Majoini ari pakati pematanho e-multi-layer welding anofanira kudzika.
(3) Nyatsodzora simba remutsetse, tora diki ikozvino, yakaderera voltage, uye nekukurumidza welding. Kureba kwewelding yega yega W707Ni electrode ine dhayamita ye3.2 mm inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura masendimita masere.
(4) Nzira yekushanda yearc pfupi uye hapana swing inofanira kugamuchirwa.
(5) Iyo yakazara yekupinda maitiro inofanirwa kugamuchirwa, uye inofanirwa kuitwa zvakanyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zvewelding process yakatarwa uye welding process kadhi.
(6) Kusimbiswa kweweld ndeye 0 ~ 2mm, uye hupamhi hwerutivi rumwe norumwe rwe weld ≤ 2mm.
(7) Kuyedza kusiri-kuparadza kunogona kuitwa angangoita maawa makumi maviri nemana mushure mekunge weld yekuona yekuongorora inokodzera. Pipeline butt welds ichave iri pasi peJB 4730-94.
(8) "Midziyo Yekudzvanya: Kuedza Kusingaparadzi Kwemidziyo Yekumanikidza" muyero, Kirasi II inokodzera.
(9) Weld kugadzirisa kunofanira kuitwa pamberi pe-weld kupisa kurapwa. Kana kugadzirisa kuchidikanwa mushure mekupisa kupisa, weld inofanira kupiswa zvakare mushure mekugadzirisa.
(10) Kana iyo geometric dimension ye weld surface inopfuura chiyero, kukuya kunobvumirwa, uye kukora mushure mekugaya hakuzove kushoma pane zvinodiwa kugadzira.
(11) Pakuremara kwekazhinji welding, huwandu hwekugadzirisa huviri hunobvumidzwa. Kana kugadzirisa kuviri kuchiri kusakodzera, weld inofanira kudimburwa uye kugadzirwazve maererano neyakakwana welding process.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-21-2023
