Welding residual stress inokonzereswa nekusaenzana tembiricha kugoverwa kwewelds kunokonzerwa newelding, thermal expansion and contraction of weld metal, etc., saka kusara kwekunetseka kunozogadzirwa panguva yekuvaka welding. Nzira yakajairika yekubvisa kushushikana kwakasara ndeyekupisa-kupisa, ndiko kuti, iyo weld inoiswa muchoto chekurapa kupisa uye inopisa kune imwe tembiricha uye yakaramba ichidziya kweimwe nguva yenguva. Muganho wegoho wezvinhu unoderedzwa pakupisa kwakanyanya, kuitira kuti kuyerera kwepurasitiki kunoitika munzvimbo dzine kushushikana kwakanyanya kwemukati, elastic deformation inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye deformation yepurasitiki inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza kushushikana.
01 Kusarudzwa kwekupisa nzira yekurapa
Mhedzisiro ye-post-weld kupisa kurapwa pane simba rekusimba uye inokambaira muganho wesimbi inoenderana nekupisa uye kubata nguva yekupisa kupisa. Mhedzisiro ye-post-weld kupisa kurapwa pane kukanganisa kuoma kwesimbi weld inosiyana nemhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi. Post-weld kupisa kurapwa kunowanzo shandisa imwe chete yakakwirira-tembiricha kudzikama kana normalizing pamwe nepamusoro-tembiricha tembiricha. Normalizing pamwe nepamusoro-tembiricha yekupisa kupisa kurapwa kunoshandiswa gasi welding welds. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zviyo zvegasi welding welds uye nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nekupisa dzakakomba uye dzinoda kucheneswa, saka kurapa kunoshandiswa kunoshandiswa. Nekudaro, kudzikamisa kamwe chete hakugone kubvisa kushushikana kwasara, saka kudziya kwakanyanya kunodiwa kubvisa kushushikana. Single yepakati-tembiricha tembiricha inokodzera chete kubatanidza welding yeyakajairwa yakaderera-kabhoni simbi midziyo yakaunganidzwa panzvimbo, uye chinangwa chayo ndechekuwana kubviswa kwasara kwekushushikana uye dehydrogenation. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, imwe chete yepamusoro-tembiricha tembiricha inoshandiswa. Kupisa uye kutonhora kwekupisa kwekupisa hakufaniri kunge kwakakurumidza, uye masvingo emukati nekunze anofanira kunge akafanana.
02 Kupisa nzira dzekurapa dzinoshandiswa mumidziyo yekumanikidza
Kune marudzi maviri emhando dzekugadzirisa kupisa kunoshandiswa mumidziyo yekumanikidza: imwe ndeyekupisa kurapwa kuvandudza mechanical properties; imwe yacho ndeye post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Mupfungwa yakafara, post-weld kupisa kurapwa ndiko kupisa kurapwa kwenzvimbo yewelding kana welded components mushure mekunge workpiece yaiswa welded. Izvo zviri mukati zvinosanganisira kushushikana kwekunetseka annealing, yakazara annealing, mhinduro, normalizing, normalizing uye tempering, tempering, yakaderera-tembiricha kushushikana kunyaradza, kunaya kwemvura kupisa kurapwa, etc. Mupfungwa nhete, post-weld kupisa kurapwa chete inoreva kushushikana kunyaradza annealing, ndiko kuti, kuitira kuti uvandudze kushanda kwenzvimbo yewelding uye kubvisa zvinokuvadza zvakadai sewelding residual stress, nzvimbo yeWelding uye zvikamu zvakabatana zvakafanana uye zvinopisa zvakakwana pasi pesimbi yekuchinja kwekushisa kwe2, uye zvadaro zvakanyoroveswa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iyo post-weld yekupisa kurapwa inokurukurwa ndeye post-weld kushushikana kushushikana kupisa kurapwa.
03Chinangwa che post-weld kupisa kurapwa
1. Relax welding residual stress.
2. Gadzirisa chimiro uye ukuru hwechimiro uye kuderedza kukanganisa.
3. Kuvandudza kushanda kwezvinhu zvevabereki uye majoini akasungwa, kusanganisira: a. Kuvandudza plastiki ye weld metal. b. Deredza kuoma kwenzvimbo inopisa-inopisa. c. Kuvandudza fracture kuoma. d. Kuvandudza simba rekuneta. e. Dzorera kana kuvandudza simba regoho rakaderedzwa panguva yekutonhora kuumba.
4. Vandudza kugona kurwisa kushushikana corrosion.
5. Kuwedzera kuburitsa magasi anokuvadza musimbi weld, kunyanya hydrogen, kudzivirira kuitika kwekunonoka kutsemuka.
04Kutongwa kwekudikanwa kwePWHT
Kunyangwe iyo yekumanikidza mudziyo inoda post-weld kupisa kurapwa kunofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvakajeka mudhizaini, uye ikozvino kumanikidza mudziyo dhizaini dhizaini ine zvinodiwa zveizvi.
Kune welded pressure midziyo, kune yakakura yakasara kushushikana munzvimbo yewelding, uye yakashata mhedzisiro yekusarira kunetseka. Chete pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoratidzwa. Kana iyo yakasara kushushikana inosanganiswa ne hydrogen mu weld, inosimudzira kuomarara kwenzvimbo inobatwa nekupisa, zvichikonzera kuitika kwekutonhora kutsemuka uye kunonoka kutsemuka.
Kana iyo static stress yasara mu weld kana kusimba kwesimba panguva yekushanda kwemutoro inosanganiswa nekuora kwepakati, inogona kukonzera crack corrosion, iyo inonzi stress corrosion. Welding residual stress uye kuomeswa kwe base base material yakakonzerwa ne welding zvinhu zvakakosha muchizvarwa chekushungurudzika corrosion cracks.
Xinfa welding midziyo ine hunhu hwemhando yepamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera. Kuti uwane ruzivo, ndapota shanya:Welding & Cutting Manufacturers - China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
Mhedzisiro yetsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti mhedzisiro huru yekukanganisa uye kusara kunetseka pazvinhu zvesimbi ndeye kushandura simbi kubva mukuora kweyunifomu kuenda kucorrosion yemunharaunda, kureva, kune intergranular kana transgranular corrosion. Ehe, simbi inoputika inoputika uye intergranular corrosion zvese zvinoitika munhau zvine humwe hunhu hwesimbi. Muhupo hwekushushikana kwasara, hunhu hwekukuvadzwa kwecorrosion hunogona kuchinja zvichienderana nekuumbwa, kusungirirwa uye tembiricha yepakati inoparadza, pamwe nekusiyana kwekuumbwa, sangano, nzvimbo yepasi, mamiriro ekushushikana, nezvimwe zvezvinhu zvepasi. uye weld zone.
Ingave welded pressure midziyo inoda post-weld kupisa kurapwa kunofanirwa kutariswa nekunyatsofunga nezvechinangwa, saizi (kunyanya ukobvu hwemadziro), kuita kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, uye mamiriro ekushanda echikepe. Post-weld kupisa kurapwa kunofanirwa kutariswa mune chero anotevera mamiriro:
1. Mamiriro ekushanda akaoma, akadai sezvikepe zvakakobvu-nemadziro ane njodzi yekuputsika kwebrittle pakudziya kwakaderera, uye midziyo inotakura mitoro mikuru uye mitoro inochinjana.
2. Welded pressure midziyo ine ukobvu hunodarika imwe muganhu. Kusanganisira boilers, petrochemical pressure midziyo, nezvimwewo, iyo ine yakakosha mirau uye yakatarwa.
3. Dzvinyiriro midziyo ine high dimensional kugadzikana.
4. Midziyo yakagadzirwa nesimbi ine tsika yakakwirira yekuomesa.
5. Dzvinyiriro midziyo ine ngozi yekushungurudzika corrosion kuputika.
6. Mimwe midziyo yekumanikidza inotsanangurwa nemirairo yakakosha, zvirevo, uye mifananidzo.
Mune simbi welded pressure midziyo, kusara kunetseka kunosvika pagoho kunoumbwa munzvimbo iri pedyo ne weld. Chizvarwa chekushushikana uku kwakabatana nekushandurwa kwechimiro chakasanganiswa ne austenite. Vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vanotaura kuti kubvisa kushushikana kwakasara mushure mekuputika, kupisa pa 650 degrees kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka pamidziyo yesimbi yakasungirirwa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinotendwa kuti kana kurapwa kwakakodzera kwekupisa kusingaitwe mushure mekudzikisira, majoini akashongedzwa anodzivirira corrosion haazombowaniki.
Zvinowanzotendwa kuti kusagadzikana kupisa kupisa kurapwa inzira iyo iyo welded workpiece inodziya kusvika 500-650 madhigirii uye wozotonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuderedza kushushikana kunokonzerwa nekukwira kwekushisa kwepamusoro, kunotanga kubva ku450 degrees mu carbon steel uye 550 degrees mu molybdenum-containing steel.
Iyo yakakwirira tembiricha, zviri nyore kubvisa kushushikana. Zvisinei, kana kutonhora kwepakutanga kwesimbi kwapfuura, simba resimbi richaderedzwa. Naizvozvo, kurapwa kwekupisa kwekuzorodza kushushikana kunofanirwa kugona zvinhu zviviri zvetembiricha uye nguva, uye hapana chakakosha.
Nekudaro, mukushushikana kwemukati kweiyo weldment, kushushikana kwekunetseka uye kudzvinyirira kunogara kuchiperekedzwa, uye kushushikana uye elastic deformation iripo panguva imwe chete. Kana tembiricha yesimbi ichikwira, simba regoho rinodzikira, uye yepakutanga elastic deformation inova deformation yepurasitiki, inova kuzorora kwekushushikana.
Iyo yakakwirira yekupisa yekupisa, iyo yakanyanya kukwana kushushikana kwemukati kunobviswa. Nekudaro, kana tembiricha yanyanya kukwira, nzvimbo yesimbi ichave yakanyanyisa oxidized. Uye zvakare, kune tembiricha yePWHT yesimbi yakadzimwa uye yakadzikama, musimboti haufanire kudarika tembiricha yekupisa yesimbi, iyo inowanzoita madhigirii makumi matatu yakaderera pane tembiricha yekupisa yesimbi, zvikasadaro zvinhu zvinorasikirwa nekudzima uye. kupisa mhedzisiro, uye simba uye kutsemuka kuomarara kuchaderedzwa. Iyi pfungwa inofanira kupiwa kunyanya kune vashandi vanopisa kupisa.
Iyo yakakwira iyo post-weld yekupisa kupisa tembiricha yekubvisa kushushikana kwemukati, iyo yakakura kupfava dhigirii resimbi. Kazhinji, kushushikana kwemukati kunogona kubviswa nekupisa kune recrystallization tembiricha yesimbi. Iyo tembiricha yerecrystallization inowirirana zvakanyanya nekunyunguduka kwekushisa. Kazhinji, iyo recrystallization tembiricha K = 0.4X kunyunguduka tembiricha (K). Iyo iri pedyo nekupisa kwekushisa kwekushisa kune tembiricha yerecrystallization, iyo inonyanya kushanda pakubvisa kushushikana kwakasara.
04 Kufunga nezve mhedzisiro yePWHT
Post-weld kupisa kurapwa hakubatsiri zvachose. Kazhinji kutaura, post-weld kupisa kurapwa kunobatsira kudzikamisa kushushikana kwasara uye kunongoitwa kana paine zvakaomesesa zvinodikanwa zvekunetsekana ngura. Nekudaro, kuomarara kwekuedza kwezvienzaniso kwakaratidza kuti mushure-weld kupisa kurapwa kwaisabatsira mukuvandudza kuomarara kwesimbi yakaiswa uye nzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekupisa, uye dzimwe nguva kutsemuka kwepakati kunogona kuitika mukati mehupfu hwezviyo. zone.
Uyezve, PWHT inotsamira pakudzikiswa kwesimba rezvinhu pakupisa kwakanyanya kubvisa kushushikana. Nokudaro, panguva yePWHT, chimiro chinogona kurasikirwa nekuoma. Kune zvimiro zvinotora PWHT yakazara kana chidimbu, simba rekutsigira weldment pakupisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kutariswa kusati kwaitwa kupisa.
Naizvozvo, kana uchifunga kana kuita post-weld kupisa kurapwa, zvakanakira uye zvakaipira kupisa kupisa kunofanirwa kuenzaniswa zvakazara. Kubva pakuona kwekushanda kwemaitiro, kune rutivi runovandudza kushanda uye rutivi runoderedza kushanda. Mutongo une mufungo unofanira kuitwa wakavakirwa pabasa guru rokurangarira zvizere mativi ose ari maviri.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-04-2024
