Kushandiswa kwenitrogen mumaindasitiri akasiyana
1. Kushandisa nitrogen
Nitrogen igasi risina ruvara, risina chepfu, risinganhuwi. Naizvozvo, gasi nitrogen yakashandiswa zvakanyanya segasi rinodzivirira. Liquid nitrogen yakashandiswa zvakanyanya semhepo inotonhora inogona kusangana nemhepo. Igasi rinokosha zvikuru. , mamwe mashandisirwo akajairika ndeaya anotevera:
1. Metal processing: Nitrogen gasi sosi yekurapa kwekupisa senge kupenya kudzima, kupenya annealing, nitriding, nitrocarburizing, soft carbonization, nezvimwewo; yekudzivirira gasi panguva yekushongedza uye poda metallurgy sintering maitiro, nezvimwe.
2. Chemical synthesis: Nitrogen inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira ammonia. The reaction formula is N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 (mamiriro acho akakwirira, kupisa kwakanyanya, uye catalyst. The reaction is a reversible reaction) kana synthetic fiber (nylon, acrylic), synthetic resin, synthetic rubber, nezvimwewo zvakakosha zvinhu. Nitrogen chikafu chinokwanisa kushandiswa kugadzira fetereza. Somuenzaniso: ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3, ammonium chloride NH4Cl, ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, nezvimwewo.
3. Indasitiri yemagetsi: Nitrogen sosi yekugadzira yakakura-yakasanganiswa maseketi, mavara TV machubhu emifananidzo, terevhizheni neredhiyo zvikamu uye semiconductor zvikamu.
4. Metallurgical industry: gasi rinodzivirira rekuramba richikanda, rinoramba richitenderera uye simbi annealing; yakasanganiswa nitrogen kuvhuvhuta kumusoro uye kuzasi kwechishanduri chekugadzira simbi, chisimbiso chekushandura simbi, kuvharirwa kwekuputika kwevira repamusoro, gasi rejekiseni remarasha rakapwanyika rekuputira simbi yevira, nezvimwe.
5. Kuchengetedza kwezvokudya: nitrogen-yakazara kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza zviyo, michero, miriwo, nezvimwewo; nitrogen-yakazadzwa kuchengetedza kurongedza nyama, cheese, mustard, tii uye kofi, nezvimwewo; nitrogen-yakazadzwa uye okisijeni-yakapera kuchengetedza jisi yemichero, mafuta matsvuku uye jamu, nezvimwewo; akasiyana Bhodhoro-senge waini yekucheneswa uye kufukidzwa, nezvimwe.
6. Indasitiri yemishonga: Nitrogen-yakazadzwa kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza yetsika Chinese mishonga (yakadai seginseng); Majekiseni akazadzwa nenitrogen yemishonga yekuMadokero; Nitrogen-yakazara kuchengetedza uye midziyo; Gasi sosi yekufambisa kwepneumatic yemishonga, nezvimwe.
7. Chemical industry: gasi rinodzivirira mukutsiviwa, kuchenesa, kuisa chisimbiso, kuona kubuda, yakaoma coke quenching; gasi rinoshandiswa mukugadzirisa kuvandudzwa, petroleum kupatsanurwa, kugadzirwa kwemakemikari fiber, nezvimwe.
8. Fetereza indasitiri: nitrogen fetiraiza mbishi zvinhu; gasi rekutsiva, kuvhara, kuwacha, uye kudzivirira kudzivirira.
9. Plastic industry: pneumatic transmission yeplastiki particles; anti-oxidation mukugadzirwa kwepurasitiki uye kuchengetedza, nezvimwe.
10. Rubber industry: rubber kurongedza uye kuchengetedza; kugadzira matayi, nezvimwewo.
11. Girazi indasitiri: gasi rinodzivirira mukugadzirwa kwegirazi rinoyangarara.
12. Petroleum industry: nitrogen kuchaja uye kucheneswa kwekuchengetedza, midziyo, catalytic cracking shongwe, mapaipi, nezvimwewo; air pressure leak test yepombi masisitimu, nezvimwe.
13. Offshore oiri kuvandudzwa; gasi rinovhara mapuratifomu ari kunze kwemahombekombe kubviswa kwemafuta, kudzvanywa jekiseni renitrogen yekubvisa oiri, kupinza matangi ekuchengetedza, midziyo, nezvimwe.
14. Kuchengetera zvinhu: Kudzivirira kuti zvinhu zvinopfuta mudzimba dzinochengeterwa zvinhu zvisabatike nekuputika, zvizadze nenitrogen.
15. Maritime transportation: gasi rinoshandiswa kuchenesa matangi nekudzivirira.
16. Tekinoroji yeAerospace: rocket fuel booster, kutanga pad kutsiva gasi uye gasi redziviriro rekuchengetedza, gasi rekudzora astronaut, kamuri yekufananidza nzvimbo, kuchenesa gasi kune mapaipi emafuta endege, nezvimwe.
17. Kushandiswa mumaindasitiri emigodhi oiri, gasi, uye marasha: Kuzadza mafuta mutsime nenitrogen hakungowedzere kumanikidza mutsime uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kweoiri, asi iyo nitrogen inogonawo kushandiswa semutsara mukuyerwa kwepombi dzekuchera. , kudzivisa zvachose kumanikidza kwematope mutsime. Mikana yekupwanya yezasi chubhu column. Pamusoro pezvo, nitrogen inoshandiswawo mukuita pasi pasi senge acidification, fracturing, hydraulic blowholes, uye hydraulic packer setting. Kuzadza gasi rechisikigo nenitrogen kunogona kuderedza kukosha kwecalorie. Pakutsiva mapaipi neoiri isina kukora, mvura ine nitrogen inogona kushandiswa kupisa uye kubaya majekiseni kumativi ese maviri kuomesa nekusunga.
18. Vamwe:
A. Paints uye mapeji akazara ne nitrogen uye oksijeni kudzivirira polymerization yekuomeswa kwemafuta; oiri uye gasi rekuchengetedza gasi matangi, midziyo, uye mapaipi ekufambisa anozadzwa nenitrogen uye oksijeni, nezvimwe.
B. Matai emotokari
(1) Kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekutyaira uye kugadzikana
Nitrogen inenge inert inert diatomic gasi ine yakanyanya kusashanda kemikari zvivakwa. Mamorekuru egasi akakura kupfuura mamorekuru eokisijeni, haaenderane nekuwedzera kwekupisa uye kuputika, uye ane diki deformation renji. Kupinda kwayo mukati memupendero wevhiri kunenge 30 kusvika 40% inononoka kupfuura iyo yemhepo, uye inogona kuchengetedza Kudzikamisa kumanikidzwa kwetai, kunatsiridza kugadzikana kwekutyaira kwetai, uye kuve nechokwadi chekutyaira kunyaradza; nitrogen ine low audio conductivity, yakaenzana ne1/5 yemhepo yakajairika. Kushandisa nitrogen kunogona kunyatso dzikisa ruzha rwetai uye kunatsiridza kunyarara kwekutyaira.
(2) Dzivirira kubuda kwetai uye kupera kwemhepo
Matayi akaputika ndiwo ari nhamba yekutanga kukonzera tsaona dzemumigwagwa. Maererano nenhamba, 46% yetsaona dzemotokari mumigwagwa mikuru dzinokonzerwa nekusashanda kwematai, izvo zvinoputika matayi zvinopa makumi manomwe kubva muzana yetsaona dzematayi. Kana mota ichityaira, tembiricha yevhiri inokwira nekuda kwekukweshana nepasi. Kunyanya kana uchityaira uchimhanyisa uye nekukurumidzira braking, tembiricha yegesi iri muvhiri inokwira nekukurumidza uye kumanikidza kwetai kuchawedzera zvakanyanya, saka pane mukana wekuputika kwetai. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunoita kuti rabha retai richembera, kuderedza kuneta, uye kukonzeresa kupera simba, zvinovawo chinhu chakakosha pakuvhuvhuta kwetai. Kuenzaniswa nemhepo yakajairwa-yakanyanya-kudzvanywa, yakakwira-kuchena nitrogen haina oxygen uye ine inenge isina mvura kana mafuta. Iyo ine yakaderera thermal yekuwedzera coefficient, yakaderera thermal conductivity, inononoka kukwira kwekushisa, iyo inoderedza kukurumidza kwekupisa kwevhiri kuunganidza, uye isingabatike uye haitsigire kupisa. , saka mukana wekuputika kwevhiri unogona kuderedzwa zvikuru.
(3) Wedzera hupenyu hwebasa rematai
Mushure mekushandisa nitrogen, kudzvanywa kwetayi kwakagadzikana uye kushanduka kwevhoriyamu kudiki, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekusagadzikana kwetayi kukweshera, sekupfeka korona, kupfeka mapendekete etayi, uye eccentric kupfeka, uye inowedzera hupenyu hwebasa retai; kuchembera kwerabha kunokonzerwa neokisijeni molecules mumhepo Nokuda kwe oxidation, simba rayo uye elasticity inoderera mushure mekukwegura, uye pachava nekuputika. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvekupfupisa hupenyu hwebasa rematairi. Iyo nitrogen yekuparadzanisa mudziyo inogona kubvisa okisijeni, sarufa, oiri, mvura uye kumwe kusvibiswa mumhepo kusvika pamwero mukuru, ichinyatso kudzikisa oxidation dhigirii remukati rekuta uye rubber corrosion, uye haizoparadze rimu resimbi, ichiwedzera hupenyu hwetai. . Upenyu hwebasa zvakare hunoderedza zvikuru ngura yemupendero.
(4) Deredza kushandiswa kwemafuta uye chengetedza zvakatipoteredza
Kusakwana kwematairi kumanikidza uye kuwedzera kutenderedza kuramba mushure mekupisa kunokonzeresa kuwedzera kwekushandisa mafuta paunenge uchityaira. Nitrogen, kunze kwekuchengetedza kugadzikana kwetai uye kunonoka kuderedza kudzvinyirira kwetai, yakaoma, haina mafuta kana mvura, uye ine yakaderera thermal conductivity. , iyo inononoka kupisa inoderedza kutonhora kukwira kana tira richimhanya, uye vhiri deformation iduku, kubata kunovandudzwa, nezvimwewo, uye kupikisa kwekuputika kunoderedzwa, nokudaro kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta.
2. Kushandiswa kwemvura inotonhora yenitrogen
1. Mushonga weCryogenic: kuvhiyiwa, kurapwa kwecryogenic, firiji yeropa, kutonhora kwezvinodhaka uye kupwanya cryogenic, nezvimwewo.
2. Bioengineering: cryopreservation uye kutakura kwemiti inokosha, masero emiti, genetic germplasm, nezvimwewo.
3. Metal processing: kutonhora kurapwa kwesimbi, chando chakakotama kukotama, extrusion uye kugaya, nezvimwewo.
4. Kugadziriswa kwechikafu: kukurumidza kutonhora midziyo, kutonhora kwekudya uye kutakura, nezvimwe.
5. Aerospace tekinoroji: vhura zvishandiso, inotonhora masosi enzvimbo simulation makamuri, nezvimwe.
3. Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji nekuvandudzwa kwekuvaka kwehupfumi, huwandu hwekushandisa hwenitrogen hwawedzera kuwedzera uye hwakapinda muzvikamu zvakawanda zveindasitiri nenzvimbo dzehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
1. Kushandiswa musimbi inopisa kurapwa: Nitrogen-based atmosphere kupisa kupisa nekunhuhwirira kwe nitrogen sechikamu chekutanga teknolojia itsva uye nzira yekuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedza, kusasvibisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushandiswa kwakakwana kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti anenge ese maitiro ekupisa kupisa, kusanganisira kudzima, annealing, carburizing, carbonitriding, soft nitriding uye recarburization, inogona kupedzwa uchishandisa nitrogen-based gas atmosphere. Hunhu hwezvikamu zvesimbi zvakarapwa hunogona kuenzaniswa nehweKuenzaniswa neyechinyakare endothermic atmosphere kurapwa. Mumakore achangopfuura, kusimudzira, kutsvagisa uye kushandiswa kweiyi nzira nyowani kumba nekune dzimwe nyika kuri kukwira uye vakawana zvibereko.
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2. Kushandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi: Mukugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi uye semiconductor zvikamu, nitrogen ine kuchena kweinopfuura 99.999% inoda kushandiswa segasi rinodzivirira. Parizvino, nyika yangu yakashandisa yakakwira-kuchena nitrogen semutakuri gasi uye gasi rinodzivirira mukugadzirwa kwemavara TV machubhu emifananidzo, akakura-akasanganiswa maseketi, makristasi emvura uye semiconductor silicon wafers.
3. Kushandisa mumakemikari fiber kugadzirwa kwemaitiro: High-purity nitrogen inowanzoshandiswa seyekudzivirira gasi mumakemikari fiber kugadzirwa kudzivirira kemikari fiber zvigadzirwa kubva pakuve oxidized panguva yekugadzirwa uye kukanganisa ruvara. Iyo yakakwirira kuchena kwenitrogen, iyo inonyanya kunaka ruvara rwemakemikari fiber zvigadzirwa. Mazuvano, mamwe mafekitori matsva emakemikari fiber munyika yangu ane midziyo yenitrogen yakakwira.
4. Kushandiswa mukuchengetedza kwekugara uye kuchengetedza: Parizvino, nzira yekuvhara matura, kuzadza ne nitrogen uye kubvisa mhepo yakashandiswa zvakanyanya munyika dzekunze kuchengetedza zviyo. Nyika yedu zvakare yakabudirira kuyedza nzira iyi uye yakapinda muchikamu chekusimudzira uye kushandisa. Kushandisa nitrogen exhaust kuchengetedza zviyo zvakaita semupunga, gorosi, bhari, chibage, uye mupunga kunogona kudzivirira tumbuyu, kupisa, uye ukuvhu, kuitira kuti zvichengetedzwe zvakanaka muzhizha. Iyi nzira ndeyekusimbisa zviyo zvakasimba nemucheka wepurasitiki, kutanga uibudise kune yakaderera vacuum state, uye woizadza ne nitrogen nehutsanana hunenge 98% kusvikira mukati nekunze kudzvinyirirwa kwakaenzana. Izvi zvinogona kunyima murwi wezviyo weokisijeni, kuderedza kufema kwezviyo, uye kutadzisa kuberekana kwema microorganisms. Mabora ese achafa nekuda kwekushaikwa kweokisijeni mukati memaawa makumi matatu nematanhatu. Iyi nzira yekudzikisa mweya weokisijeni nekuuraya zvipembenene haingochengetedze mari yakawanda chete (inenge chikamu chimwe kubva muzana chemutengo wekuputira nemishonga ine chepfu yakadai sezinc phosphide), asiwo inochengetedza kutsva uye kukosha kwekudya kwechikafu uye kudzivirira kutapukira kwebhakitiriya. uye kusvibiswa kwezvinodhaka.
Nitrogen-yakazara kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza michero, miriwo, tii, nezvimwewo ndiyowo nzira yepamusoro. Iyi nzira inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemetabolism yemichero, miriwo, mashizha, nezvimwewo munzvimbo yakakwirira-nitrogen uye yakaderera-oxygen, sekunge inopinda mumamiriro ehubernation, inodzivisa mushure mekuibva, uye nokudaro kuichengeta kwenguva refu. Maererano nemiedzo, maapuro akachengetwa ne nitrogen achiri crispy uye anonaka mushure memwedzi 8, uye mari yekuchengetedza maapuro pakirogiramu inenge 1 dime. Kuchengetera kwakazara nitrojeni kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kurasikirwa kwemichero mumwaka wepamusoro, kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemichero mumusika wekunze-mwaka, kunatsiridza mhando yemichero inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye kuwedzera mari yekunze.
Tea inobviswa uye nitrogen-yakazadzwa, kureva kuti, iyo tei inoiswa mune kaviri-layered aluminium-platinum (kana nylon polyethylene-aluminium composite foil) bhegi, mhepo inotorwa, nitrogen inobayiwa, uye bhegi rakavharwa. Mushure megore rimwe, hutano hweti huchave hutsva, muto wetii uchave wakajeka uye wakajeka, uye kuravira kuchava kwakachena uye kunhuhwirira. Zviripachena, kushandisa nzira iyi kuchengetedza tii nyowani kuri nani pane vacuum kurongedza kana kutonhora kurongedza.
Parizvino, zvekudya zvakawanda zvichiri kurongedzerwa muvacuum kana mugaba rechando. Vacuum packaging inokonzeresa kudonha kwemhepo, uye kurongedza nechando kunowanzo kuderera. Hapana kana chimwe chazvo chakanaka senge vacuum nitrogen-filled packaging.
5. Kushandisa mune tekinoroji yemuchadenga
Chadenga chinotonhora, chine rima uye mune vacuum yakakwirira. Kana vanhu vaenda kudenga, vanofanira kutanga vaitisa bvunzo dzemuchadenga pasi. Liquid nitrogen uye liquid helium inofanira kushandiswa kutevedzera nzvimbo. Makamuri makuru ekufananidza emuchadenga muUnited States anoshandisa 300,000 cubic metres yenitrogen gasi pamwedzi kuita miyedzo mikuru yemhepo. Pa roketi, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka kwechinhu chinopisa uye chinoputika chehydrogen device, nitrogen fire extinguishers inoiswa panzvimbo dzakakodzera. High-pressure nitrogen zvakare ndiyo inomanikidza gasi rerocket fuel (liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen) uye gasi rekuchenesa pombi yekupisa.
Ndege isati yasimuka kana kuti yamhara, kuitira kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa uye kudzivirira njodzi yekuputika mukamuri yekupisa injini, zvinowanzodikanwa kuchenesa imba yekupisa injini nenitrogen.
Mukuwedzera, nitrogen inoshandiswawo segasi rinodzivirira mumaatomu reactor.
Muchidimbu, nitrogen iri kuwedzera kufarirwa maererano nekudzivirira uye inishuwarenzi. Iko kudiwa kwenitrogen kuri kukura nekusimudzira uye kusimbiswa kweindasitiri. Nekukurumidza kukura kwekuvakwa kwehupfumi hwenyika yangu, huwandu hwenitrogen hunoshandiswa munyika yangu huchawedzerawo nekukurumidza.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-27-2024
