Vanodiwa vewelder, mabasa emagetsi auri kuita anogona kusanganisira njodzi dzehutsi dzesimbi, njodzi dzegasi dzinokuvadza, uye njodzi dzearc light radiation panguva yebasa rako. Ini ndinofanira kukuzivisa iwe nezve njodzi zvinhu uye matanho ekudzivirira!
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1. Njodzi dzebasa dzemagetsi welding
(1) Njodzi dzeutsi hwesimbi:
Kuumbwa kwehutsi hwewelding hunosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwetsvimbo yewelding inoshandiswa. Munguva yewelding, arc discharge inogadzira tembiricha yepamusoro ye4000 kusvika 6000°C. Paunenge uchinyunguduka tsvimbo yewelding uye weldment, hutsi hukuru hunogadzirwa, iyo inonyanya kuumbwa nesimbi oxide, manganese oxide, silica, silicate, nezvimwewo. Zvimedu zveutsi zvinopinda muMunzvimbo yekushanda, zviri nyore kufemerwa. mumapapu.
Kufemba kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera maronda ane fibrous mumapapu, anonzi welder's pneumoconiosis, uye anowanzo kuperekedzwa nematambudziko akadai semanganese poisoning, fluorosis uye metal fume fever.
Varwere vanonyanya kuve nezviratidzo zvekufema senge chipfuva, kurwadziwa muchipfuva, kushomeka kwekufema, uye kukosora, zvichiperekedzwa nekutemwa nemusoro, kushaya simba kwese uye zvimwe zviratidzo. Iro lung qi function yakakuvadzwawo kune imwe nhanho.
(2) Njodzi dzemagasi anokuvadza:
Pasi pechiito chekushisa kwakanyanya uye yakasimba ultraviolet mwaranzi inogadzirwa nearc welding, huwandu hukuru hwemagasi anokuvadza, senge nitrogen oxides, kabhoni monoxide, ozone, nezvimwewo, ichagadzirwa yakatenderedza arc nzvimbo.
Kana huwandu hwakawanda hwehemoglobin hwasangana nekabhoni monoxide, okisijeni inorasikirwa nemukana wekubatana nehemoglobin, zvichikonzera zvipingamupinyi pakukwanisa kwemuviri kutakura uye kushandisa oxygen, zvichiita kuti nyama yemunhu afe nekuda kwekushaikwa kweokisijeni.
(3) Njodzi dzearc radiation:
Iyo arc mwenje inogadzirwa newelding inonyanya kusanganisira mwenje infrared, mwenje unooneka uye ultraviolet mwaranzi. Pakati pavo, ultraviolet mwaranzi inokuvadza muviri wemunhu kunyanya kuburikidza nephotochemical mhedzisiro. Inokuvadza maziso uye ganda rakashama, zvichiita keratoconjunctivitis (photoophthalmia) uye ganda biliary erythema.
Zviratidzo zvikuru zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa kweziso, kubvaruka, kutsvuka kwemaziso uye spasm. Mushure mekusangana nemirairo ye ultraviolet, ganda rinogona kuonekwa edema erythema nemiganhu yakajeka. Mumatambudziko akaoma, blisters, exudate uye edema inogona kuonekwa, pamwe chete nekunzwa kunopisa kwakajeka.
2. Migumisiro ine ngozi yemagetsi welding
1. Vanhu vave vachibatanidzwa mukugadzirisa magetsi kwenguva yakareba vane ngozi yakawanda yekubata pneumoconiosis.
2. Magasi anokuvadza anogona kufema panguva yekushanda, achityisidzira hutano hwevanhu uye kunyange hupenyu.
3. Magetsi welding mashandiro anogona nyore kukonzera keratoconjunctivitis (electrophotophthalmia) uye ganda biliary erythema.
3. Chengetedzo
(1) Kuvandudza welding tekinoroji uye kunatsiridza welding maitiro uye zvinhu
Nekuvandudza tekinoroji yewelding, tinogona kudzikisa kukuvadza kumuviri wemunhu kunokonzerwa nekuita welding. Sezvo njodzi zhinji dzinokonzerwa newelding dzine chekuita nekuumbwa kweiyo electrode coating, kusarudza isina-chepfu kana yakaderera-chepfu welding maelectrodes zvakare imwe yeanoshanda matanho ekudzikisa njodzi dzekupisa.
(2) Kuvandudza mhepo yemhepo munzvimbo yebasa
Nzira dzekufemesa dzinogona kukamurwa kuita zvekufemesa kwechisikigo uye mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation inotsamira pakumanikidzwa kunogadzirwa nemafeni kuchinjana mweya. Iyo ine nani kubvisa guruva uye detoxification mhedzisiro. Naizvozvo, inofanira kushandiswa kana welding munzvimbo dzemukati kana dzakavharwa dzisina kufefeterwa nemhepo. Mechanical ventilation zviyero.
(3) Simbisa matanho ekuzvidzivirira
Kusimbisa dziviriro yako pachako kunogona kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwemagasi ane muchetura uye guruva rinogadzirwa panguva yewelding. Vashandi vanofanira kushandisa magirazi ekudzivirira akakodzera, zvidziviriro zvechiso, masiki, magirovhosi, mbatya chena dzinodzivirira, uye shangu dzinodzivirira. Havafaniri kupfeka nguo dzine maoko mapfupi kana maoko akamonereka. Kana vachishanda mumudziyo wakavharwa usina kufefetera zvakanaka, vanofanirawo kupfeka zvipfeko zvinodzivirira. Ngowani yekudzivirira ine mhepo yekupa kuita.
(4) Simbisa kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi kuzivisa uye basa redzidzo
Vashandi veWelding vanofanira kudzidziswa nezvekuchengetedzwa kwebasa uye ruzivo rwehutano kuti vavandudze kuziva kwavo kuzvidzivirira uye kuderedza njodzi dzebasa. Panguva imwecheteyo, isu tinofanirwawo kusimbisa kutariswa kwenjodzi dzeguruva munzvimbo dzebasa dzevelding uye kuongororwa kwemuviri kwevanopisa kuti vawane uye kugadzirisa matambudziko nenguva.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-19-2023
