Kune welding waya ine Si, Mn, S, P, Cr, Al, Ti, Mo, V uye zvimwe zvinosanganiswa zvinhu. Mhedzisiro yeaya alloying zvinhu pakuita welding inotsanangurwa pazasi:
Silicon (Si)
Silicon ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa deoxidizing element muwelding wire, inogona kudzivirira simbi kubva pakusangana neoxidation, uye inogona kuderedza FeO mudziva rakanyungudutswa. Zvisinei, kana silicon deoxidation inoshandiswa yoga, iyo SiO2 inoguma ine nzvimbo yakakwirira yekunyunguduka (inenge 1710 ° C), uye zvikamu zvinoguma zviduku, zvichiita kuti zviome kukuyangarara kunze kwedziva rakanyungudutswa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera nyore nyore slag inclusions. weld metal.
Manganese (Mn)
Mhedzisiro yemanganese yakafanana neyesilicon, asi iyo deoxidation kugona kwayo yakashata zvishoma kupfuura iyo yesilicon. Uchishandisa manganese deoxidation chete, iyo MnO inogadzirwa ine density yakakwirira (15.11g/cm3), uye hazvisi nyore kuyangarara kubva mudziva rakanyungudutswa. Iyo manganese iri muwelding wire, kuwedzera kune deoxidation, inogonawo kusangana nesarufa kuti iite manganese sulfide (MnS), uye kubviswa (desulfurization), saka inogona kuderedza tsika yekupisa kunopisa kunokonzerwa nesarufa. Sezvo silicon uye manganese zvichishandiswa chete kuti deoxidation, zvakaoma kubvisa deoxidized zvigadzirwa. Nokudaro, silicon-manganese joint deoxidation inonyanya kushandiswa panguva ino, kuitira kuti iyo yakagadzirwa SiO2 neMnO inogona kuumbwa kuita silicate (MnO · SiO2). MnO · SiO2 ine nzvimbo yakaderera yekunyunguduka (inenge 1270 ° C) uye yakaderera density (inenge 3.6g/cm3), uye inogona kunyungudika kuita zvidimbu zvakakura zve slag uye kuyangarara kunze mudziva rakanyungudutswa kuti riwane yakanaka deoxidation mhedzisiro. Manganese zvakare chinhu chakakosha chealloying musimbi uye yakakosha kuomarara chinhu, chine simba guru pakuoma kwesimbi yeweld. Kana iyo Mn yemukati isingasviki 0.05%, kuoma kwesimbi weld kwakakwira zvakanyanya; kana iyo Mn yemukati inopfuura 3%, ine brittle; kana iyo Mn yemukati iri 0.6-1.8%, iyo weld simbi ine yakakwira simba uye kuoma.
Sarufa (S)
Sulfur inowanzovapo muchimiro chesimbi sulfide musimbi, uye inogoverwa mumuganhu wezviyo nenzira ye network, nokudaro kuderedza zvakanyanya kuoma kwesimbi. Eutectic tembiricha yesimbi pamwe nesimbi sulfide yakadzikira (985°C). Nokudaro, panguva yekushanda kunopisa, sezvo kupisa kwekutanga kwekugadzirisa kunowanzoita 1150-1200 ° C, uye eutectic yesimbi nesimbi sulfide yakanyungudutswa, zvichiita kuti pave nekuputika panguva yekugadzirisa, Chiitiko ichi ndicho chinonzi "hot embrittlement of sulfur" . Iyi pfuma yesarufa inoita kuti simbi iite mitsetse inopisa panguva yewelding. Naizvozvo, zviri mukati mesarufa musimbi zvinowanzodzorwa zvakanyanya. Musiyano mukuru pakati peyakajairwa kabhoni simbi, yemhando yepamusoro kabhoni simbi uye yepamusoro-soro simbi iri muhuwandu hwesarufa nephosphorus. Sezvambotaurwa, manganese ine desulfurization mhedzisiro, nekuti manganese inogona kugadzira manganese sulfide (MnS) ine yakakwira kunyungudika (1600 ° C) nesarufa, iyo inogoverwa muzviyo mune granular fomu. Munguva yekushanda inopisa, manganese sulfide ine plastiki yakakwana, nokudaro kubvisa kukuvadza kwesarufa. Nokudaro, zvinobatsira kuchengetedza imwe manganese musimbi.
Phosphorus (P)
Phosphorus inogona kunyungudika zvachose mu ferrite musimbi. Kusimbisa kwayo pasimbi ndeyechipiri kune kabhoni, iyo inowedzera simba uye kuoma kwesimbi. Phosphorus inogona kuvandudza kusimba kwesimbi yesimbi, nepo plastiki uye kuomarara zvakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kunyanya pakudziya kwakadzika, kukanganisa kwakanyanya, kunonzi kutonhora kwekupfugama kwe phosphorus. Naizvozvo, hazvina kunaka kune welding uye inowedzera kutsemuka kwekunzwa kwesimbi. Sekusachena, zviri mukati me phosphorus musimbi zvinofanirawo kuva zvishoma.
Chromium (Cr)
Chromium inogona kuwedzera kusimba uye kuoma kwesimbi pasina kuderedza plastiki uye kuoma. Chromium ine yakasimba corrosion resistance uye acid resistance, saka austenitic Stainless simbi kazhinji ine yakawanda chromium (inodarika 13%). Chromium zvakare ine yakasimba oxidation kuramba uye kupisa kupisa. Naizvozvo, chromium inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya musimbi isingadziviriri kupisa, senge 12CrMo, 15CrMo 5CrMo zvichingodaro. Simbi ine imwe huwandu hwechromium [7]. Chromium chinhu chakakosha chinoumba austenitic simbi uye ferritizing chinhu, chinogona kuvandudza oxidation kuramba uye michina zvivakwa pakupisa kwakanyanya mualloy simbi. Mu austenitic simbi isina tsvina, apo huwandu hwekromium uye nickel huri 40%, apo Cr / Ni = 1, kune tsika yekupisa kupisa; apo Cr / Ni = 2.7, hapana maitiro ekupisa kupisa. Naizvozvo, kana Cr/Ni = 2.2 kusvika 2.3 kazhinji 18-8 simbi, chromium iri nyore kugadzira carbides mu alloy simbi, izvo zvinoita kuti kupisa conduction yealloy simbi kuwedzere, uye chromium oxide iri nyore kugadzira, izvo zvinoita kuti welding iome.
Aluminium (AI)
Aluminium imwe yeakasimba deoxidizing elements, saka kushandisa aluminium se deoxidizing agent haigoni kungobudisa zvishoma FeO, asi zvakare kuderedza FeO nyore nyore, inonyatsodzivisa kushandiswa kwemakemikari eCO gasi inogadzirwa mudziva rakanyungudutswa, uye kuvandudza kukwanisa kurwisa CO. pores. Mukuwedzera, aluminium inogonawo kusanganiswa ne nitrogen kugadzirisa nitrogen, saka inogonawo kuderedza nitrogen pores. Zvisinei, nealuminium deoxidation, iyo Al2O3 inoguma ine nzvimbo yakakwirira yekunyunguduka (inenge 2050 ° C), uye iripo mudziva rakanyungudutswa munzvimbo yakasimba, iyo inogona kukonzera slag kubatanidzwa mune weld. Panguva imwecheteyo, waya yewelding ine aluminium iri nyore kukonzeresa spatter, uye iyo yakakwira aluminium yemukati inoderedzawo kupisa kwekupokana kwesimbi yeweld, saka iyo aluminium yemukati muwelding waya inofanirwa kudzorwa zvakanyanya uye haifanirwe kunge yakanyanya. zvakawanda. Kana iyo aruminiyamu yemukati muwelding waya yakadzorwa nemazvo, kuoma, goho poindi uye kusimba kwesimba resimbi weld ichavandudzwa zvishoma.
Titanium (Ti)
Titanium zvakare chinhu chakasimba che deoxidizing, uye inogona zvakare kugadzira TiN nenitrogen kugadzirisa nitrogen uye kuvandudza kugona kwesimbi yeweld kuramba nitrogen pores. Kana zviri mukati meTi uye B (boron) mune weld chimiro chakakodzera, iyo weld dhizaini inogona kunatswa.
Molybdenum (Mo)
Molybdenum mu alloy simbi inogona kuvandudza kusimba uye kuoma kwesimbi, kunatsa zviyo, kudzivirira brittleness uye overheating maitiro, kunatsiridza tembiricha yakasimba, simba rinokambaira uye simba rinogara, uye kana molybdenum iri pasi pe0.6%, inogona kuvandudza plastiki, Inoderedza tsika yekutsemuka uye inovandudza kukanganisa kuoma. Molybdenum inowanzosimudzira graphitization. Naizvozvo, iyo yakawanda molybdenum-ine inodzivirira kupisa simbi yakadai se16Mo, 12CrMo, 15CrMo, nezvimwewo ine inenge 0.5% molybdenum. Kana zviri mukati molybdenum mu alloy simbi iri 0.6-1.0%, molybdenum inoderedza purasitiki uye kuoma kwesimbi yealloy uye kuwedzera kudzima maitiro esimbi alloy.
Vanadium (V)
Vanadium inogona kuwedzera kusimba kwesimbi, kunatsa zviyo, kuderedza tsika yekukura kwezviyo, nekuvandudza kuoma. Vanadium inhengo yakasimba yekugadzira carbide, uye iyo yakagadzirwa carbides yakagadzikana pasi pe650 ° C. Nguva yekuomesa mhedzisiro. Vanadium carbides vane kugadzikana kwekushisa kwepamusoro, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kuoma kwekushisa kwesimbi. Vanadium inogona kushandura kugoverwa kwecarbides musimbi, asi vanadium iri nyore kuumba refractory oxides, iyo inowedzera kuoma kwegasi welding uye kucheka gasi. Kazhinji, kana vanadium yemukati mune weld seam ingangoita 0.11%, inogona kuita basa mukugadzirisa nitrogen, ichishandura disavantageous kuita yakanaka.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-22-2023
