Simbi inodzivirira kupisa inoreva simbi ine kugadzikana kwekupisa uye simba rekupisa pasi pemamiriro ekunze ekupisa. Thermal stability inoreva kukwanisa kwesimbi kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemakemikari (corrosion resistance, non-oxidation) pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kwepamusoro. Kupisa simba kunoreva kusimba kwakakwana kwesimbi pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwepamusoro. Kupikiswa kwekupisa kunonyanya kuvimbiswa nezvinhu zvealloy zvakaita sechromium, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, uye niobium. Naizvozvo, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvewelding kunofanirwa kutariswa zvichibva pane alloy element yemukati mesimbi yepasi. Simbi inodzivirira kupisa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka petroleum uye petrochemical industry equipment. Mazhinji pearlitic inodzivirira kupisa simbi yatinowanzo sangana nayo ine yakaderera alloy zvemukati, senge 15CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, nezvimwe.
1 Weldability yechromium-molybdenum inodzivirira kupisa kwesimbi
Chromium uye molybdenum ndiwo makuru alloy zvinhu zve pearlitic heat-resistant simbi, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya kusimba kwepamusoro-tembiricha uye yakakwirira-yekushisa oxidation kuramba kwesimbi. Nekudaro, ivo vanowedzera kuita kwekushongedza kwesimbi uye vane tsika yekudzima munzvimbo yeweld uye inopisa-yakakanganiswa nzvimbo. Mushure mekutonhora mumhepo, zviri nyore kugadzira yakaoma uye brittle martensite dhizaini, iyo isingabatanidze chete ma mechanical properties yejoint welded, asi inogadzirawo kushushikana kukuru kwemukati, zvichiita kuti pave netsika yekuputika kwechando.
Nokudaro, dambudziko guru kana welding kupisa-resistant simbi kutsemuka, uye zvinhu zvitatu zvinokonzera makatsemuka ndezvi: chimiro, kushushikana uye hydrogen zvirimo mu weld. Naizvozvo, zvinonyanya kukosha kugadzira inonzwisisika welding process.
2 Pearlitic kupisa-resistant simbi welding process
2.1 Bevel
Iyo bevel inowanzogadziriswa nemurazvo kana plasma yekucheka maitiro. Kana zvichidikanwa, kuchekwa kunofanira kunge kuchipisa. Mushure mekupenya, kuongororwa kwePT kunofanirwa kuitwa kubvisa kuputika pabevel. Kazhinji groove yakaita seV inoshandiswa, ine groove angle ye60 °. Kubva pakuona kwekudzivirira kutsemuka, yakakura groove angle inobatsira, asi inowedzera huwandu hwewelding. Panguva imwecheteyo, groove uye mativi maviri echikamu chemukati anonatswa kuti abvise mafuta uye ngura. uye unyoro nezvimwe zvinosvibisa (kubvisa hydrogen nekudzivirira pores).
2.2 Kubatanidza
Zvinotarisirwa kuti gungano harigone kumanikidzwa kudzivirira kushushikana kwemukati. Sezvo chromium-molybdenum simbi isingadziviriri kupisa ine tsika yakakura yekutsemuka, kudzora kweiyo weld hakufanirwe kunge kwakakurisa panguva yewelding kudzivirira kuomarara kwakanyanya, kunyanya kana welding mahwendefa akakora. Kushandiswa kwezvisungo, zvisungo uye zvisungo zvinobvumira weld kuderera zvakasununguka zvinofanira kudziviswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
2.3 Kusarudzwa kwenzira dzewelding
Parizvino, nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzekushongedza pombi welding mupetroleum yedu uye petrochemical yekumisikidza zvikamu ndeye tungsten arc welding ye base layer uye electrode arc welding yevhavha yekuzadza. Dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira dzinosanganisira yakanyungudutswa inert gasi shielded welding (MIG welding), CO2 gasi shielded welding, Electroslag welding uye submerged arc automatic welding, nezvimwewo.
2.4 Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvewelding
Nheyo yekusarudza welding zvinhu ndeyekuti iyo alloy kuumbwa uye simba zvimiro zve weld simbi inofanirwa kuenderana neinofananidzira zviratidzo zve base simbi kana inofanirwa kusangana neiyo shoma yekuita zviratidzo inotsanangurwa neyakagadzirwa tekinoroji mamiriro. Kuti uderedze hydrogen zvirimo, yakaderera-hydrogen alkaline welding tsvimbo inofanira kutanga kushandiswa. Iyo welding tsvimbo kana flux inofanira kuomeswa maererano neyakatemwa nzira uye inotorwa sezvinodiwa. Inofanira kuiswa muwelding tsvimbo yekudzivirira bhakiti uye inotorwa sezvinodiwa. Panofanira kunge pasina anopfuura mana muwelding rod insulation bucket. maawa, kana zvisina kudaro inofanira kuomeswa zvakare, uye nhamba yekuomesa nguva haifaniri kudarika katatu. Pane mirairo yakadzama mune chaiyo nzira yekuvaka. Kana ruoko rwe arc welding yechromium-molybdenum isingadziviri simbi, austenitic stainless simbi maelectrodes, akadai seA307 electrodes, anogonawo kushandiswa, asi preheating ichiri kudiwa isati yatungirwa. Iyi nzira yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu apo weldment haigoni kupisa kupisa mushure mekuputika.
2.5 Preheating
Preheating idanho rakakosha rekuyeresa simbi inotonhorera uye kumisa kushushikana kwesimbi inodzivirira kupisa kwepearlitic. Kuti ive nechokwadi chewelding mhando, ingave iri spot welding kana panguva yewelding process, inofanirwa kuve yakapiswa uye kuchengetedzwa mukati mehumwe tembiricha.
2.6 Kunonoka kutonhora mushure mewelding
Kunonoka kutonhora mushure mewelding imusimboti unofanirwa kunyatso kuteverwa kana welding chromium-molybdenum heat-resistant simbi. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa kunyange muzhizha rinopisa. Kazhinji, jira reasbestos rinoshandiswa kuvhara weld uye nzvimbo yepedyo seam pakarepo mushure mekugadzira. Diki weldments inogona kuiswa Kutonhorera zvishoma nezvishoma mumucheka weasbestos.
2.7 Post-weld kupisa kurapwa
Kurapa kwekupisa kunofanira kuitwa pakarepo mushure mekuputika, chinangwa chekudzivirira kuitika kwekunonoka kutsemuka, kubvisa kushushikana uye kugadzirisa chimiro.
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3 Chengetedzo yewelding
(1) Paunenge uchiputira rudzi urwu rwesimbi, matanho akadai sekutanga kupisa uye kunonoka kutonhora mushure mekuputika anofanira kutorwa. Zvisinei, iyo yakakwirira yekushisa kwekutanga, zviri nani. Izvo zvinodiwa zvewelding zvinofanirwa kuteverwa zvakanyanya.
(2) Multi-layer welding inofanira kushandiswa kune makobvu mahwendefa, uye tembiricha yepakati-yepakati haifanire kunge yakadzikira pane tembiricha yekupisa. Iyo welding inofanira kupedzwa mune imwe kuenda, uye zviri nani kuti usakanganisa. Kana pane chikonzero chekumbomira pakati pezvikamu, kupisa kwekushisa uye kunonoka kutonhora kunofanira kutorwa, uye matanho ekutanga ekupisa anofanira kutorwa musati mave welding zvakare.
(3) Munguva yewelding process, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kuzadza ma arc craters, kupukuta majoini, uye kubvisa crater cracks (zvinopisa kuputika). Uyezve, iyo yakakura ikozvino, inodzika iyo arc crater. Naizvozvo, iyo welding muitiro mirairo inofanira kunyatsoteverwa kusarudza welding parameters uye yakakodzera welding line simba.
(4) Sangano rekuvaka zvakare chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kunaka kwewelding, uye kubatana kwemhando dzakasiyana dzebasa kunonyanya kukosha kudzivirira kutambisa kunaka kweiyo weld yese nekuda kwekutadza kubatana kune inotevera maitiro.
(5) Kuchenjerera kunofanirawo kubhadharwa kune pesvedzero yemamiriro ekunze. Kana tembiricha yepakati yakadzikira, tembiricha yekupisa inogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera kudzivirira tembiricha kuti isadonha nekukurumidza, uye matanho ekukurumidzira akadai semhepo nemvura kudzivirira anogona kutorwa.
4 Pfupiso
Preheating, kuchengetedza kupisa, post-weld kupisa kurapwa uye mamwe maitiro anodiwa maitirwo matanho ewelding chromium-molybdenum heat-resistant simbi. Izvo zvitatu zvakakosha zvakaenzana uye hazvigone kufuratirwa. Kana chero chinongedzo chikasiiwa, mhedzisiro yacho ichave yakakomba. Mawelders anofanirwa kunyatsoita maitirwo ewelding uye kusimbisa hutungamiriri hwemawelder pfungwa yemutoro. Isu hatifanirwe kutora mukana uye kutungamira ma welders kuti aite maitiro nekukomba uye nekudikanwa. Chero bedzi isu tichinyatsoshandisa nzira yewelding panguva yekuvaka, kushandira pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzebasa, uye kuronga nzira yacho zvine musoro, tinogona kuve nechokwadi chemhando yewelding uye zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-01-2023
