Zvimiro zvakakosha zvakaita semaboilers uye midziyo yekumanikidza inoda kuti majoini asungirwe zvakachengeteka, asi nekuda kwehukuru hwechimiro uye zvipingamupinyi zvemaumbirwo, welding-sided welding dzimwe nguva hazvigoneke. Iyo yakakosha yekushanda nzira ye-single-sided groove inogona kungove imwe-sided welding uye kaviri-sided kuumba tekinoroji, inova yakaoma hunyanzvi hwekuita mumanual arc welding.
Kana welding vertical welding, nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya kwedziva rakanyungudutswa, pasi pekuita kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, madonhwe akanyunguduka akaumbwa nekunyunguduka kweelectrode uye simbi yakanyungudutswa mudziva rakanyungudutswa zviri nyore kudonhera pasi kuita mabumps e welding uye undercuts. kumativi ose maviri e weld. Kana kutonhora kuchinyanya kuderera, slag inclusions inogona kuitika, uye kukanganisa kwakadai sekupinda kusina kukwana uye nzvimbo dzekutengesa zvinogadzirwa nyore nyore kune reverse side, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuumba welds. Kupisa kwedziva rakanyungudutswa hakusi nyore kuziva zvakananga, asi kunoenderana nechimiro uye ukuru hwedziva rakanyungudutswa. Naizvozvo, chero chimiro uye saizi yedziva yakanyungudutswa ichinyatsocherechedzwa uye ichidzorwa panguva yekupisa, tembiricha yedziva yakanyungudutswa inogona kudzorwa uye chinangwa chekuva nechokwadi chekuti welding mhando inogona kuwanikwa.
Maererano neruzivo rwatenzi kwemakore anopfuura gumi, mutemo uyu unogona kupfupikiswa mumashoko anotevera:
1. Iko kona yetsvimbo yewelding yakakosha, uye iyo welding yakatarwa inodiwa
Munguva yewelding yakamira, nekuda kwedonhwe rinoumbwa nekunyunguduka kwe electrode uye simbi yakanyungudutswa mudziva rakanyungudutswa, zviri nyore kudonha pasi kuita bundu rewelding, uye undercuts inoumbwa pamativi ese e weld, iyo inoshatisa. iyo weld chimiro. Tenzi iyo chaiyo welding yakatarwa uye gadzirisa kona ye electrode uye kumhanya kwe electrode zvinoenderana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ewelding. Iko kona iri pakati petsvimbo yewelding uye pamusoro peiyo weldment i90 ° kuruboshwe uye kurudyi nzira, uye musono welding.
The angle of welding is 70 ° ~ 80 ° pakutanga kwewelding, 45 ° ~ 60 ° pakati, uye 20 ° ~ 30 ° pakupedzisira. Iyo gaka regungano ndeye 3-4㎜, uye diki electrode dhayamita Φ3.2㎜ uye diki welding ikozvino inofanira kusarudzwa. Iyo yepasi welding ndeye 110-115A, yepakati shanduko layer ndeye 115-120A, uye iyo yekuvharira layer ndeye 105-110A. . Ikozvino kazhinji idiki pane iyo yeflat welding
12% kusvika 15%, kuitira kuderedza kuwanda kwechidziva chakanyungudutswa, kuitira kuti chisanyanya kukanganiswa negiravhiti, iyo inobatsira kudonho rakawandisa. Short-arc welding inoshandiswa kupfupisa chinhambwe kubva padonhwe kusvika padziva rakanyungudutswa kuita dunhu ripfupi rakawandisa.
2. Tarisa dziva riri kunyunguduka, teerera kune ruzha rwearc, uye chengeta chimiro chegomba rekunyunguduka mupfungwa.
Kutsigira welding pamudzi we weld ndiyo kiyi yekuona welding mhando. Iyo arc yekudzima nzira inoshandiswa pakugadzira. Iyo arc yekudzima rhythm ye vertical welding inononoka zvishoma pane iyo yeflat welding, makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana paminiti. Iyo arc inopisa zvishoma kana ichiita welding pane imwe neimwe nzvimbo, saka nyama yewelding ye vertical welding yakakora kupfuura iya yeflat welding. Paunenge uchiputira, tanga welding kubva kumucheto wezasi. Pakona ye electrode yepasi inenge 70 ° ~ 80 °. Kaviri-tinya penetration welding inogamuchirwa. Iyo arc inobatidzwa padivi pegorofu uye preheated uye yakanyungudutswa padivi penzvimbo welding kumudzi. Apo arc inopinda Kune "flutter" inonzwika kubva pabhero, uye paunoona gomba rinonyunguduka uye kuumbwa kwechigaro chemvura yakanyungudutswa, pakarepo simudza electrode kuti udzime arc. Wobva wabatidzazve rimwe divi remugero, uye dziva rechipiri rakanyungudutswa rinofanirwa kudzvanya 1/2 kusvika 2/3 yedziva rekutanga rakanyungudutswa rakatanga kuoma, kuitira kuti weld yese iwanikwe nekushandisa arc yekuruboshwe nekurudyi. breakdowns. Iko kushanduka kwechanza kunofanira kushandiswa kudzima arc, uye arc inofanira kudzima zvakachena nguva dzose, kuitira kuti dziva rakanyungudutswa rive nemukana wekusimbisa pakarepo.
Kana iyo arc yadzimwa, gomba rekubatanidza rakagadzirwa neakaboorwa mupendero wakashata rinogona kuoneka zvakajeka. Iyo fusion gomba reiyo vertical welding inenge 0.8mm, uye saizi yegomba rekusanganisa inowirirana zvakanyanya nekuumbwa kwedivi rekuseri. Kuseri kwegomba rekusanganiswa kazhinji hakupindi, uye saizi yegomba rekubatanidza inofanirwa kuchengetwa yakafanana panguva yekushanda, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekupinda kwakafanana pamudzi wegorofu, yakazara kumashure weld bead, uye yunifomu hupamhi uye urefu. Paunenge uchigadzira uye uchichinja dhizaini yetsvimbo, kupfekedzwa kwechikamu chejoinhi kunofanirwa kucheneswa nguva dzese, uye arc inobatidzwa zvakare mugororo, uye kona yetsvimbo yewelding inoramba yakasungirirwa paanenge 10mm pamwe neyakaumbwa weld seam. uye inoenda musono weld kana yasvika 90 degrees. Shamba pakati kuruboshwe uye kurudyi zvishoma, uye dzvanya arc pasi panguva imwe chete, paunonzwa ruzha rwearc, gomba rinonyunguduka rinoumbwa, uye arc inodzima pakarepo, kuitira kuti arc ye electrode isvike mumudzi we. iyo weld, uye gomba rekunyunguduka rinoumbwa uye arc inodzima pakarepo. Zvadaro zvakangofanana neiyo bottoming welding nzira yekutanga electrode, alternately kutenderera arc yekudzima kuparara kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, tarisa pane chero mafambiro, teerera kune ratidziro yegomba rekunyunguduka uye gomba rakanyunguduka pamativi ese, uye yakanyunguduka. gap pamudzi we groove, chete Inogona kuonekwa kana arc ichienda kune rumwe rutivi. Inowanikwa kuti mupendero wakashata hauna kusanganiswa zvakanaka uye arc inodzikiswa zvishoma kuti iwane yakanaka fusion. Nguva yekudzima arc inodzorwa kusvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chedziva rakanyungudutswa chisati chaoma. Tangazve arc.
Paunenge uchidzima arc, inofanira kuonekwa kuti kana electrode imwe neimwe iine 80-100mm yakareba, electrode ichanyunguduka nekukurumidza nekuda kwekupisa. Panguva ino, nguva yekudzima arc inofanira kuwedzerwa kuita kuti dziva rakanyungudutswa rigosimba pakarepo, kuitira kudzivirira dziva rekunyungudutswa kwepamusoro-soro kuti risadonha uye kugadzira mapundu ewelding. . Kana paine chete 30-40mm yasara ye electrode, gadzirira kuita arc yekudzima chiito. Ramba uchidonhedza kaviri kana katatu kune rimwe divi redziva rakanyungudutswa kuita kuti dziva rakanyungudutswa ritonhore zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kupera kwegomba uye arc crater kutsemuka kumberi nekuseri kwe weld bead. kuremara.
3. Tembiricha yedziva yakanyungudutswa inodzorwa zvakanaka, uye mhando yeweld inogona kuvandudzwa.
Zvinodiwa kuti mafungu e solder ari pakati nepakati ave akatsetseka. Pazvikamu zviviri zvepakati, dhayamita ye electrode i φ3.2㎜, welding ikozvino 115-120A, kona ye electrode inenge 70 ° -80 °, uye nzira ye zigzag inoshandiswa kushandisa kona. ye electrode, kureba kwearc, kumhanya kwewelding uye kugara kumativi maviri egorofu. nguva yekudzora tembiricha yakanyungudutswa yedziva. Ita mativi ese ari maviri akanyatsobatanidzwa uye chengeta chimiro che oblate yakanyungudutswa dziva.
Paunenge uchiputira chikamu chechitatu, usakuvadza kumucheto kwegorofu, uye usiye yakadzika inenge 1mm kuti iite bead yose yekuzadza. Mucheto we groove pamusoro pekudzika unoshandiswa seyereferensi mutsara wekuisa hwaro hwechivharo chepamusoro. Kazhinji, kuruboshwe nekurudyi kuchinjika kunoshandiswa kumira zvishoma pamativi ese egoroti kunyungudutsa mupendero wegorofu ne 1-2mm, uye kuve nechokwadi chekushisa kwedziva rakanyungudutswa uye mativi ese egorofu. Balance, kunyanya tarisa maumbirwo edziva rakanyungudutswa, dzora dziva rakanyungudutswa kuti rive mucrescent shape, gara zvishoma padivi paine dziva rakanyungudutswa, uye gara zvakanyanya padivi uine zvishoma, uye verenga kureba nehupamhi hweweld paunenge uchipisa. . Nekuda kwekuti nyama yewelding ye vertical welding yakakora kudarika iya yeflat welding, terera kuti uone chimiro chedziva rakanyungudutswa nekukora kwenyama yewelding. Kana kumucheto kwedziva remvura yakanyungudutswa kukabuda kubva kurutivi runyoro, zvinoreva kuti tembiricha yedziva rakanyungudutswa yakanyanya. Panguva ino, iyo arc yekupisa nguva inofanirwa kupfupikiswa uye iyo Arc yekudzima nguva yekudzikisa tembiricha yakanyungudutswa yedziva. Macrater anofanirwa kuzadzwa asati atsiviwa ne electrode kudzivirira kutsemuka kwe crater.
4. Nzira yekufambisa yakarurama, kuitira kuti musono welding unogona kuumbwa zvakanaka
Paunenge uchitsvaira chivharo chepamusoro, iyo zigzag kana crescent-yakaita mitsetse yekutakura nzira inogona kushandiswa panguva yewelding. Iyo tambo yekutakura inofanira kunge yakagadzikana, kumhanya kunofanirwa kunge kuri kukurumidza zvishoma pakati pe weld bead, uye kumisa kupfupi kunofanira kuitwa pamicheto pamativi ese egorofu. Iyo dhizaini yemaitiro ndeyekuti dhayamita ye electrode i φ3.2㎜, iyo welding ikozvino 105-110A, kona ye electrode inofanira kuchengetedzwa paanenge 80 °, iyo electrode inotenderera kuruboshwe uye kurudyi kunyungudutsa kumucheto kwegorofu. ne 1-2㎜, uye zunza zvishoma kumusoro uye pasi kana mativi ambomira. Asi kana electrode ichibva kune rumwe rutivi ichienda kune rumwe, arc iri pakati inosimudzwa zvishoma kuti ione chimiro chedziva rose rakanyungudutswa. Kana dziva rakanyungudutswa rakati sandara uye rakatenderera, zvinoreva kuti tembiricha yedziva yakanyungudutswa yakanyatsokodzera, yakajairika welding inoitwa, uye weld pamusoro inoumbwa zvakanaka. Kana zvikaonekwa kuti dumbu redziva rakanyungudutswa rinoita raundi, zvinoreva kuti tembiricha yedziva yakanyungudutswa yakakwira zvishoma, uye nzira yekutakura tsvimbo inofanira kugadziriswa nekukasira, ndiko kuti, nguva yekugara kwe electrode pane ese ari maviri. mativi e groove anofanirwa kuwedzerwa, kukurumidza kwekuchinja pakati kunofanira kukurumidza, uye kureba kwearc kunofanira kupfupiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kana dziva rakanyungudutswa risingakwanisi kudzorerwa kune flat elliptical state, uye kuputika kunowedzera, zvinoreva kuti kutonhora kwemvura yakanyungudutswa kwakanyanyisa, uye arc inofanira kudzima pakarepo, uye dziva rakanyungudutswa rinofanira kubvumirwa kutonhora pasi, uye wozoenderera mberi welding mushure mekunge tembiricha yedhamu yakanyungudutswa yadonha.
Paunenge uchivhara pamusoro, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti mupendero we weld wakanaka. Kana zvikaonekwa kuti iyo undercut electrode inofamba zvishoma, kana kuti inogara kwenguva yakati rebei kuti igadzirise kukanganisa, iyo yepamusoro inogona kutsetseka chete kana iyo yepamusoro yakawandisa. Kana iyo yekuvhara yejointi yakasungirirwa, tembiricha yeweldment yakadzikira, iyo inowanzoitika kune kuremara kwakadai sekusangana kwakashata, kuiswa kweslag, kubatana kwemajoini, uye kureba kwakanyanya. Nokudaro, hutano hwevhavha hunobata zvakananga chimiro chepamusoro che weld. Naizvozvo, preheating nzira inoshandiswa pakusonera pajoini, uye arc inobatidzwa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi nekukwenya panenge 15mm pamusoro peinotangira welding yekupedzisira, uye arc inorebeswa ne3 kusvika 6mm, uye panotangira welding. musono wakaiswa pre-weld. inopisa. Wobva wadzvanya arc woiisa pa2/3 yearc crater yekutanga ka2 kusvika katatu kuti uwane fusion yakanaka uye wochinja kune yakajairwa welding.
Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo dze welds dzakasiyana, dzinewo mutemo wakafanana. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti kusarudza akakodzera welding process paramita, kuchengetedza iyo chaiyo electrode angle uye kugona zviito zvitatu zverombo rakanaka tsvimbo, kunyatso kudzora tembiricha yedziva rakanyungudutswa, welding Kana welding wakamira, unogona kuwana yakanakisa weld mhando uye yakanaka weld. chimiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-29-2023
