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4. Arc makomba
Icho chinhu chinodzika pasi chinotsvedza pamagumo e weld, iyo isingangonetese simba re weld, asiwo inokonzera kuputika panguva yekutonhora.
4.1 Zvikonzero:
Kunyanya, iyo arc yekudzima nguva ipfupi kwazvo pakupera kwewelding, kana iyo ikozvino inoshandiswa kana welding mahwendefa matete yakakura kwazvo.
4.2 Matanho ekudzivirira:
Kana weld yapera, ita kuti electrode igare kwechinguva chiduku kana kuita maitiro akawanda ekutenderera. Usamisa arc kamwe kamwe kuitira kuti pave nesimbi yakakwana yekuzadza dziva rakanyungudutswa. Ita shuwa yakakodzera ikozvino panguva yewelding. Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvinogona kugadzirirwa nearc-kutanga mahwendefa ekutungamirira gomba rearc kubva kune weldment.
5. Slag kubatanidzwa
5.1 Phenomenon: Non-metallic inclusions senge oxides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, nezvimwe zvinowanikwa mu weld kuburikidza nekuedza kusingaparadzi, kuumba akasiyana-siyana maumbirwo asina kujairika, uye akajairwa akafanana necone-shaped, akaumbwa netsono nezvimwe. slag inclusions. Slag inclusions musimbi welds inoderedza plastiki uye kuoma kwezvivako zvesimbi, uye ichawedzerawo kushushikana, zvichiita kuti kutonhora uye kupisa brittleness, zviri nyore kupaza uye kukuvadza zvikamu.
5.2 Zvikonzero:
5.2.1 Weld base metal haina kucheneswa zvakanaka, welding current idiki, simbi yakanyungudutswa inoomesa nekukurumidza, uye slag haina nguva yekuyangarara kunze.
5.2.2 Mushonga wekemikari yesimbi yewelding base uye welding tsvimbo haina kuchena. Kana pane zvikamu zvakawanda zvakadai seokisijeni, nitrogen, sulfure, phosphorus, silicon, nezvimwewo mudziva rakanyungudutswa panguva yekuputika, kwete-metallic slag inclusions inoumbwa nyore nyore.
5.2.3 Welder haina unyanzvi mukushanda uye nzira yekufambisa tsvimbo haina kunaka, kuitira kuti slag nesimbi yakanyungudutswa inosanganiswa uye isingaparadzanisiki, iyo inodzivisa slag kubva pakuyangarara.
5.2.4 Kona yeweld groove idiki, danda rekunamatira rinodonha kuita zvidimbu uye harinyungudike nearc; panguva ye-multi-layer welding, slag haina kucheneswa zvakanaka, uye slag haina kubviswa munguva yekushanda, izvo zvose zvinokonzera slag kuiswa.
5.3 Kudzivirira nekudzora matanho
5.3.1 Shandisa matanda emagetsi ane zvakanaka chete welding process performance, uye simbi yakashongedzwa inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemagwaro ekugadzira.
5.3.2 Sarudza inonzwisisika welding process parameters kuburikidza newelding process assessment. Ngwarira kucheneswa kwewelding groove uye edge range. Iyo welding rod groove haifanirwe kunge yakanyanya kudiki. Kune akawanda-layer welds, iyo welding slag yega yega yega ye welds inofanirwa kubviswa zvakanyatsonaka.
5.3.3 Paunenge uchishandisa acidic electrodes, slag inofanira kunge iri kuseri kwedziva rakanyungudutswa; paunenge uchishandisa alkaline electrode kupinza vertical angle seams, mukuwedzera pakusarudza nemazvo welding ikozvino, pfupi arc welding inofanira kushandiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, electrode inofanira kufambiswa zvakanaka kuti iite kuti electrode izununguke zvakakodzera kuitira kuti slag inoyangarara pamusoro.
5.3.4 Shandisa preheating usati welding, kudziyisa panguva welding, uye insulation mushure mewelding kuti itonhore zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza slag inclusions.
6. Porosity
6.1 Phenomenon: Iyo gasi yakanyungudutswa musimbi yakanyunguduka panguva yewelding haina nguva yekuburitswa kubva mudziva rakanyungudutswa isati yatonhodzwa, uye inoramba iri mukati meweld kuita maburi. Maererano nenzvimbo yepores, inogona kugoverwa mukati uye kunze pores; maererano nekugovera uye chimiro chehurema hwepore, kuvapo kwepores mu weld kunoderedza simba re weld, uye zvakare kuburitsa kushushikana kwepfungwa, kuwedzera kuderera-tembiricha brittleness, kupisa kwekuputika maitiro, nezvimwe.
6.2 Zvikonzero
6.2.1 Hunhu hwetsvimbo yewelding pachayo haina kunaka, iyo welding tsvimbo inonyorova uye haina kuomeswa maererano nezvinodiwa; iyo welding tsvimbo yekuputira yakashata kana kupepetwa; iyo welding core ine ngura, nezvimwe.
6.2.2 Pane gasi rasara mukunyungudutswa kwechinhu chemubereki; iyo welding tsvimbo uye weldment yakasvibiswa netsvina senge ngura neoiri, uye panguva yewelding process, gasi rinogadzirwa nekuda kwekukwira kwekushisa gasification.
6.2.3 Welder haina hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwekushanda, kana kuti haina kuona zvakanaka uye haigone kusiyanisa simbi yakanyungudutswa uye yakanyungudutswa, kuitira kuti gasi riri mujira risanganiswe nemushonga wesimbi. Iyo welding ikozvino yakakura kwazvo, ichiita iyo welding tsvimbo tsvuku uye kuderedza mhedzisiro yekudzivirira; kureba kwearc kwakarebesa; iwo magetsi emagetsi anochinja zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti arc inopisa zvisina kugadzikana, nezvimwe.
6.3 Kudzivirira nekudzora matanho
6.3.1 Sarudza masimbi anokwenenzverwa, uye usashandise welding machira ane akatsemuka, akasvuura, akaora, eccentric kana ane ngura zvakanyanya. Chenesa mavara emafuta uye ngura makwapa ari pedyo neweld uye pamusoro peiyo welding tsvimbo.
6.3.2 Sarudza yakakodzera ikozvino uye kudzora kumhanya welding. Preheat workpiece usati welding. Kana welding yapera kana kumbomira, arc inofanira kubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinoita kuti kunonoka kutonhora kwedziva rakanyungudutswa uye kubuda kwegasi mudziva rakanyungudutswa, kudzivirira kuitika kwehurema hwepore.
6.3.3 Deredza humidity yenzvimbo yekushanda welding uye kuwedzera kupisa kwenzvimbo yekushanda. Paunenge uchiputira kunze, kana mhepo inomhanya inosvika 8m / s, mvura, dova, chando, nezvimwewo, matanho anobudirira akadai semhepo inoputika uye canopies inofanira kutorwa kusati kwaitwa welding.
7. Kukundikana kuchenesa spatter uye welding slag mushure mekuputika
7.1 Phenomenon: Iri ndiro dambudziko rinowanzoitika, iro risingataridzike chete asiwo rinokuvadza zvakanyanya. Fusible spatter inowedzera iyo yakaomeswa chimiro chepamusoro pezvinhu, uye zviri nyore kugadzira zvirema zvakaita sekuomarara uye corrosion yenzvimbo.
7.2 Zvikonzero
7.2.1 Mushonga weganda we welding material wakanyorova uye wakashata panguva yekuchengetedza, kana tsvimbo yakasarudzwa yekugadzira haifananidzi nemubereki.
7.2.2 Kusarudzwa kwemidziyo yekugezesa hakuenderane nezvinodiwa, iyo AC uye DC welding midziyo haienderane nezvinhu zvekushongedza, iyo polarity yekubatanidza nzira yewelding yechipiri mutsara haina kunaka, iyo welding ikozvino yakakura, weld groove edge ndeye. yakasvibiswa nemarara uye mavara emafuta, uye nharaunda yewelding haizadzise zvinodiwa newelding.
7.2.3 Mushandi haana hunyanzvi uye haashande nekudzivirira zvinoenderana nemirairo.
7.3 Kudzivirira nekudzora matanho
7.3.1 Sarudza midziyo yewelding yakakodzera maererano neyakagadzirwa nevabereki.
7.3.2 Tsvimbo yewelding inofanira kuva nekuoma uye nguva dzose tembiricha yemidziyo, uye panofanira kuva ne dehumidifier uye air conditioner muimba yekuomesa, iyo isiri pasi pe300mm kubva pasi uye kumadziro. Gadzira hurongwa hwekugamuchira, kutumira, kushandisa, uye kuchengeta matanda emagetsi (kunyanya midziyo yekumanikidza).
7.3.3 Chenesa kumucheto kweweld kubvisa unyoro, mavara emafuta, uye ngura kubva mumarara. Munguva yemwaka wechando wekunaya kwemvura, danda rekudzivirira rinovakwa kuti rive nechokwadi chenzvimbo yewelding.
7.3.4 Usati wapinza simbi dzisina-ferrous uye simbi isina tsvina, zvidziviriro zvinodzivirira zvinogona kuiswa kune zvinhu zvevabereki kumativi ose maviri ekudzivirira. Iwe unogona zvakare kusarudza welding tsvimbo, dzakatetepa-yakavharidzirwa welding tsvimbo uye argon kudzivirira kubvisa spatter uye kuderedza slag.
7.3.5 Welding kushanda kunoda kucheneswa panguva yewelding slag uye kudzivirira.
8. Arc vanga
8.1 Phenomenon: Nekuda kwekushanda zvisina hanya, tsvimbo yewelding kana welding mubato unobata weldment, kana waya yepasi inobata iyo workpiece zvisina kunaka, zvichikonzera arc kwenguva pfupi, ichisiya arc vanga pane workpiece.
8.2 Chikonzero: Mushandi wemagetsi welding haana hanya uye haatore matanho ekudzivirira uye anochengetedza maturusi.
8.3 Matanho ekudzivirira: Mawelder anofanirwa kugara achitarisa kuvharwa kwewaya yekubatira mubato uye waya yepasi yakashandiswa, uye kuiputira nenguva kana yakakuvadzwa. Iyo tambo yepasi inofanira kuiswa zvakasimba uye yakavimbika. Usatanga arc kunze kweweld paunenge uchipisa. Iyo welding clamp inofanirwa kuiswa yega kubva kune yevabereki zvinhu kana kusungirirwa zvakakodzera. Cheka simba rekupa munguva kana usina welding. Kana ma arc scratches awanikwa, anofanirwa kukwenenzverwa nemagetsi ekukuya vhiri nenguva. Nekuti pazvishandiso zvine corrosion kuramba zvinodiwa senge simbi isina tsvina, mavanga earc anozova nzvimbo yekutanga yekuora uye kuderedza kushanda kwechinhu.
9. Weld mavanga
9.1 Phenomenon: Kutadza kuchenesa weld mavanga mushure mekuputika kuchakanganisa macroscopic emhando yemidziyo, uye kubata zvisina kunaka kuchaitawo kutsemuka kwepamusoro.
9.2 Chikonzero: Panguva yekugadzira uye kuisirwa zvisiri-yakajairwa michina, iyo yekumisikidza welding zvigadziriso zvinokonzerwa kana zvabviswa mushure mekupedzwa.
9.3 Matanho ekudzivirira: Mamiriro ekusimudzwa anoshandiswa mukugadzira magadzirirwo anofanirwa kukwenenzverwa negumbo rekukuya kuti manyemwe nemidziyo yemubereki mushure mekubviswa. Usashandise sledgehammer kugogodza zvigadziriso kudzivirira kukuvadza zvinhu zvevabereki. Arc makomba uye zvikweshwa zvakadzika zvakanyanya panguva yewelding yemagetsi zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa uye kukwenenzverwa negumbo rekukuya kuti zvikweshe nemidziyo yemubereki. Chero bedzi iwe uchiteerera panguva yekushanda, kukanganisa uku kunogona kubviswa.
10. Kupinda kusina kukwana
10.1 Phenomenon: Panguva yewelding, mudzi we weld hauna kusanganiswa zvachose nemidziyo yevabereki kana zvinhu zvevabereki uye zvinhu zvevabereki hazvina kukwana. Kukanganisika uku kunonzi kupinda kusina kukwana kana kusanganiswa kusina kukwana. Iyo inoderedza ma mechanical properties yejoinhi uye inokonzera kushushikana kwehutano uye kuputika munzvimbo ino. Mune welding, chero weld haibvumirwe kuve isina kukwana kupinda.
10.2 Zvikonzero
10.2.1 Iyo groove haigadziriswi maererano nemirairo, ukobvu hwemupendero wakashata wakakura kwazvo, uye kona ye groove kana gap regungano rakanyanya kudiki.
10.2.2 Kana maviri-sided welding, midzi yekumashure haina kunyatsocheneswa kana mativi e groove uye interlayer weld haana kucheneswa, kuitira kuti oxides, slag, nezvimwewo zvinotadzisa kusanganiswa kwakazara pakati pesimbi.
10.2.3 Welder haana hunyanzvi mukushanda. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo welding ikozvino yakakura, chigadziko hachina kunyunguduka, asi simbi yakanyunguduka yakanyunguduka, kuitira kuti chigadziko netsvimbo yakasungirirwa simbi isingabatanidzwe; kana ikozvino idiki kwazvo; kumhanya kwetsvimbo yewelding inokurumidza, iyo base zvinhu uye welding tsvimbo yakaiswa simbi haigone kusanganiswa zvakanaka; mukushanda, kona yetsvimbo yewelding haina kururama, kunyunguduka kunorerekera kune rumwe rutivi, kana kuti chiitiko chekuvhuvhuta panguva yewelding chichaitika, izvo zvichaita kuti kupinda kusina kukwana uko arc isingagoni kuita.
10.3 Matanho ekudzivirira
10.3.1 Gadzirisa uye unganidza gap zvinoenderana nehukuru hwegorofu hwakatsanangurwa mudhizaini yekudhirowa kana chiyero chemaitiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-28-2024
