1. Ndeapi maitiro ekutanga ekristaro chimiro cheweld?
Mhinduro: Iko crystallization yedziva rekutsvaira rinoteverawo mitemo yekutanga yejenera remvura simbi crystallization: kuumbwa kwekristaro nuclei uye kukura kwekristaro nuclei. Kana iyo simbi yemvura iri mudziva rewelding yaomesa, zviyo zvakanyungudutswa pachinhu chemubereki munzvimbo yekubatanidza zvinowanzoita crystal nuclei.
Xinfa welding midziyo ine hunhu hwemhando yepamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera. Kuti uwane ruzivo, ndapota shanya:Welding & Cutting Manufacturers - China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
Ipapo nucleus yekristaro inotora maatomu emvura yakatenderedza uye inokura. Sezvo kristaro ichikura munzira yakatarisana neyekupisa conduction gwara, inokurawo mumativi ese. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuvharirwa nemakristasi ari padyo nekukura, makristasi anoumba Makristasi ane columnar morphology anonzi columnar crystals.
Pamusoro pezvo, pasi pemamwe mamiriro, iyo simbi yemvura mudziva yakanyungudutswa inoburitsawo pachayo yekristaro nuclei kana ichiomesa. Kana kupisa kwekushisa kuchiitwa kumativi ose, makristasi achakura zvakafanana kuva zviyo-sekristasi kumativi ose. Rudzi urwu rwekristaro runodaidzwa kuti Iyo ikristaro yakaenzana. Columnar makristasi anowanzoonekwa mune welds, uye pasi pemamwe mamiriro, equiaxed makristasi anogonawo kuoneka pakati peiyo weld.
2. Ndeapi maitiro echipiri crystallization chimiro che weld?
Mhinduro: Chimiro chesimbi weld. Mushure mekutanga crystallization, simbi inoramba ichitonhora pazasi pechikamu chekushandura tembiricha, uye iyo metallographic chimiro chinoshanduka zvakare. Semuenzaniso, kana welding low kabhoni simbi, zviyo zveprimary crystallization ese ari austenite tsanga. Kana yakanyoroveswa pazasi pechikamu chekushandura tembiricha, austenite inoora kuita ferrite uye pearlite, saka chimiro mushure mechipiri crystallization kazhinji ferrite uye diki pearlite.
Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukurumidza kutonhora kweyero yeweld, inokonzeresa pearlite yemukati kazhinji yakakura kupfuura zviri mukati meiyo yakaenzana chimiro. Iyo inokurumidza kukurumidza kutonhora, iyo yakakwirira iyo pearlite yemukati, uye iyo shoma ferrite, kuoma uye simba zvinovandudzwa zvakare. , nepo plastiki uye kuoma kunoderedzwa. Mushure mechipiri crystallization, chimiro chaicho pane tembiricha yekamuri inowanikwa. Zvivako zve weld zvinowanikwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana.
3. Kutora yakaderera kabhoni simbi semuenzaniso kutsanangura chimiro chinowanikwa mushure mechipiri crystallization ye weld metal?
Mhinduro: Kutora simbi yakaderera yepurasitiki semuenzaniso, iyo yekutanga crystallization chimiro ndeye austenite, uye yakasimba-state chikamu chekushandura process ye weld metal inonzi yechipiri crystallization ye weld simbi. Iyo microstructure yechipiri crystallization ndeye ferrite uye pearlite.
Mune yakaenzana chimiro cheyakaderera kabhoni simbi, iyo kabhoni yeweld simbi yakadzikira kwazvo, uye chimiro chayo icoarse columnar ferrite pamwe nediki pearlite. Nekuda kwekutonhora kwakanyanya kweiyo weld, iyo ferrite haigone kunyoroveswa zvizere zvinoenderana neiyo iron-carbon phase diagram. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zviri mukati pearlite kazhinji zvakakura kupfuura izvo zviri muchimiro chakatsetseka. Kutonhora kwakakwirira kunogadzirisawo zviyo uye kuwedzera kuoma uye simba resimbi. Pamusana pekuderedzwa kweferrite uye kuwedzera kwepearlite, kuoma kuchawedzerawo, apo plastiki ichaderera.
Nokudaro, chimiro chekupedzisira che weld chinogadziriswa nekuumbwa kwesimbi uye mamiriro ekutonhora. Nekuda kwehunhu hweiyo welding process, iyo weld simbi dhizaini yakanaka, saka weld simbi ine zvirinani zvimiro pane yakakandwa nyika.
4. Ndeapi maitiro ekusiyana kwesimbi welding?
Mhinduro: 1) Hunhu hwekusiyana kwesimbi welding hunonyanya kurara mumusiyano uri pachena mukuumbwa kwealloy yesimbi yakaiswa uye weld. Nechimiro che weld, kukora kwesimbi yepasi, electrode coating kana flux, uye rudzi rwekudzivirira gasi, welding melt ichachinja. Pool maitiro zvakare haawirirane,
Naizvozvo, kuwanda kwekunyunguduka kwesimbi yepasi kwakasiyanawo, uye mutual dilution mhedzisiro yekusangana kwekemikari zvikamu zvesimbi yakaiswa uye nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yesimbi yepasi ichachinja zvakare. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti majoini esimbi akasiyana-siyana anosiyana nemakemikari asina kuenzana enzvimbo. Iyo dhigirii haingotsamira pane yekutanga kuumbwa kweiyo weldment uye filler zvinhu, asi zvakare inosiyana neakasiyana welding maitiro.
2) Inhomogeneity yechimiro. Mushure mekuona iyo welding thermal cycle, akasiyana metallographic zvimiro zvichaonekwa munzvimbo imwe neimwe yejoini yakashongedzwa, inoenderana nekemikari yesimbi yepasi uye yekuzadza zvinhu, welding nzira, welding level, welding process uye kupisa kurapwa.
3) Kusafanana kwekuita. Pamusana pehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwemakemikari uye chimiro chesimbi chejojo, iyo mechanical properties yejoini yakasiyana. Simba, kuoma, plastiki, kuoma, nezvimwewo zvenzvimbo imwe neimwe pamwe chete nejoini zvakasiyana zvakanyanya. Mu weld Maitiro ekukanganisa enzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nekupisa pamativi ese ari maviri akasiyana kanoverengeka, uye iyo inokambaira muganhu uye simba risingaperi pakupisa kwakanyanya kuchasiyanawo zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekuumbwa uye chimiro.
4) Kusafanana kwekushushikana kwemunda kugovera. The residual stress distribution in dissimilar metal joints is non-uniform. Izvi zvinonyanya kugadziriswa nepurasitiki yakasiyana-siyana yenzvimbo imwe neimwe yejoini. Mukuwedzera, mutsauko mukupisa kwekushisa kwezvinhu kunokonzeresa shanduko mumunda wekushisa we welding thermal cycle. Zvinhu zvakadai semisiyano mumutsara wekuwedzera coefficients munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana ndizvo zvikonzero zvekusaenzana kugoverwa kwenzvimbo yekushushikana.
5. Ndeapi misimboti yekusarudza welding zvinhu kana welding dissimilar steels?
Mhinduro: Misimboti yekusarudza yezvakasiyana simbi welding zvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mapoinzi mana:
1) Pamusana pekuti iyo yakashongedzwa yakasanganiswa haigadziri kuputika uye zvimwe zvikanganiso, kana simba uye plastiki yesimbi ye weld haigoni kuverengwa, zvinhu zvekushongedza zvine plastiki zviri nani zvinofanira kusarudzwa.
2) Kana iyo weld simbi zvivakwa zve dissimilar simbi welding zvinhu zvinongosangana neimwe yezvinhu zviviri zvehwaro, inofungidzirwa kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi.
3) Zvishandiso zvewelding zvinofanirwa kunge zvine maitiro akanaka ekuita uye musono we welding unofanirwa kuve wakanaka muchimiro. Welding zvinhu zvine mari uye zviri nyore kutenga.
6. Chii chinonzi weldability ye pearlitic simbi uye austenitic simbi?
Mhinduro: Pearlitic simbi uye austenitic simbi imhando mbiri dzesimbi dzine akasiyana maumbirwo uye zvinyorwa. Naizvozvo, kana mhando mbiri idzi dzesimbi dzakabatanidzwa pamwechete, iyo weld simbi inoumbwa nekubatanidzwa kwemhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzepasi uye zvinhu zvekuzadza. Izvi zvinomutsa mibvunzo inotevera kune weldability yemhando mbiri idzi dzesimbi:
1) Dilution ye weld. Sezvo pearlitic simbi ine yakaderera goridhe zvinhu, ine diluting mhedzisiro pane alloy yese weld simbi. Nekuda kweiyi dilution mhedzisiro ye pearlitic simbi, zvirimo zve austenite-kuumba zvinhu mu weld zvinodzikiswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mu weld, A martensite chimiro chinogona kuoneka, nekudaro ichikanganisa kunaka kweiyo welded joint uye kunyange kukonzera kuputika.
2) Kuumbwa kwepamusoro-soro. Pasi pechiito chewelding heat cycle, chiyero chekusanganiswa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye simbi yekuzadza zvakasiyana pamucheto wedziva rakanyungudutswa. Kumucheto kwedziva rakanyungudutswa, tembiricha yesimbi yemvura yakadzikira, iyo fluidity haina kunaka, uye nguva yekugara mune yemvura ipfupi. Nekuda kwemusiyano mukuru mukuumbwa kwemakemikari pakati pearlitic simbi uye austenitic simbi, simbi yakanyungudutswa uye simbi yekuzadza haigone kusanganiswa zvakanaka kumucheto kwedziva rakanyungudutswa padivi pearlitic. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mu weld padivi pearlitic simbi, iyo pearlitic base simbi Chikamu chakakura, uye chiri pedyo nemutsara wekusanganisa, iyo yakakura chikamu cheiyo base zvinhu. Izvi zvinogadzira dhizaini yeshanduko ine dzakasiyana siyana mukati meiyo weld simbi.
3) Gadzira dhizaini yekuparadzira munzvimbo yefusion. Musimbi ye weld inoumbwa nemhando mbiri idzi dzesimbi, sezvo pearlitic simbi ine yakakwira kabhoni yemukati asi yakakwirira alloying zvinhu asi zvishoma alloying zvinhu, nepo austenitic simbi ine zvinopesana, saka pamativi ese pearlitic simbi yedivi refusion zone A. Musiyano weconcentration pakati pekabhoni necarbide-forming elements inoumbwa. Kana iyo joint ichishandiswa patembiricha yakakwira kupfuura 350-400 madhigirii kwenguva yakareba, pachava nekupararira kuri pachena kwekabhoni munzvimbo yefusion, kureva, kubva padivi resimbi pearlite kuburikidza nenzvimbo yekusanganiswa kuenda kune austenite welding zone. seams kupararira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, decarburized softening layer inoumbwa pane pearlitic simbi base simbi padyo nenzvimbo yefusion, uye carburized layer inoenderana ne decarburization inogadzirwa padivi reaustenitic weld.
4) Sezvo zvinhu zvemuviri zve pearlitic simbi uye austenitic simbi zvakasiyana kwazvo, uye kuumbwa kwe weld kwakasiyanawo zvakanyanya, rudzi urwu rwekubatana harugone kubvisa kushushikana kwekusungirirwa nekupisa kwekupisa, uye kunogona kungokonzera kugoverwa kwekunetseka. Yakasiyana zvikuru nekurudza simbi imwe chete.
5) Kunonoka kuputika. Munguva yecrystallization process yewelding yakanyungudutswa dziva remhando iyi yesimbi isina kufanana, kune ese ari austenite chimiro uye ferrite chimiro. Iwo maviri ari pedyo kune mumwe nemumwe, uye gasi rinogona kupararira, kuitira kuti iyo hydrogen yakapararira inogona kuunganidza uye kukonzera kunonoka kutsemuka.
25. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanira kufungwa pakusarudza simbi yakakandwa kugadzirisa welding nzira?
Mhinduro: Pakusarudza grey cast iron welding nzira, zvinotevera zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa:
1) Mamiriro ekukanda kuti ave welded, senge kuumbwa kwemakemikari, chimiro uye michina zvinhu zvekukanda, saizi, ukobvu uye kuomarara kwemaitiro ekukanda.
2) Kukanganisa kwezvikamu zvakakandwa. Usati wapisa, unofanirwa kunzwisisa rudzi rwechirema (kutsemuka, kushaya nyama, kupfeka, pores, blister, kusakwana kudurura, nezvimwewo), ukuru hwekuremara, kuoma kwenzvimbo, chikonzero chechikanganiso, nezvimwe.
3) Post-weld mhando zvinodiwa senge mechanical zvivakwa uye kugadzirisa zvivakwa zveiyo post-weld joint. Nzwisisa zvinodiwa senge weld color uye yekuisa chisimbiso kuita.
4) Pa-saiti midziyo mamiriro uye hupfumi. Pasi pemamiriro ekuona kuti post-weld quality zvinodiwa, chinonyanya kukosha chinangwa chewelding kugadziriswa kwecastings ndeye kushandisa nzira yakapusa, yakajairika welding midziyo uye magadzirirwo emidziyo, uye mutengo wakaderera kuti uwane hukuru hwehupfumi.
7. Ndeapi matanho ekudzivirira kutsemuka panguva yekugadzirisa welding yesimbi yakakandwa?
Mhinduro: (1) Preheat usati wapinza uye unononoka kutonhora mushure mekugadzira. Preheating the weldment in whole or part before welding and slow cooling after welding haingoderedze muitiro we weld kuti uve chena, but also reduce the welding stress and preventing cracking of the weldment. .
(2) Shandisa arc inotonhora welding kuti uderedze kushushikana kwewelding, uye sarudza welding zvinhu zvine purasitiki yakanaka, senge nickel, mhangura, nickel-copper, high vanadium simbi, nezvimwewo sesimbi yekuzadza, kuitira kuti weld simbi igone kuzorodza kushushikana kuburikidza nepurasitiki. deformation uye kudzivirira makatsemuka. , uchishandisa diki dhayamita welding rods, diki ikozvino, intermittent welding (intermittent welding), yakapararira welding (jump welding) nzira dzinogona kuderedza mutsauko wetembiricha pakati peiyo weld nesimbi yepasi uye kuderedza kushushikana kwewelding, iyo inogona kubviswa nekurova weld. . kushushikana uye kudzivirira kutsemuka.
(3) Mamwe matanho anosanganisira kugadzirisa kemikari yesimbi ye weld kuderedza brittleness yayo tembiricha; kuwedzera zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi kusimudzira desulfurization uye dephosphorization metallurgical reactions ye weld; uye kuwedzera zvinhu zvine simba zvekunatsa zviyo kuita kuti weld inyatsojeka. Kunatsa zviyo.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kupisa kunoshandiswa kuderedza kushushikana panzvimbo yekugadzira welding, iyo inogonawo kudzivirira zvinobudirira kuitika kwekutsemuka.
8. Chii chinonzi stress concentration? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera kushungurudzika mupfungwa?
Mhinduro: Nekuda kwechimiro che weld uye maitiro eiyo weld, discontinuity mumubatanidzwa chimiro chinooneka. Kana yakaremerwa, inokonzera kusaenzana kugovera kwekushushikana kwekushanda mujoini yakasungwa, zvichiita kuti peak stress yemuno ikwire kupfuura avhareji yekushushikana σm. Kunyanya, uku ndiko kuisa pfungwa pakushushikana. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuisa kushushikana mupfungwa mumajoini akasungwa, izvo zvakanyanya kukosha ndezvi:
(1) Maitiro akaremara anogadzirwa mu weld, akadai semhepo inlets, slag inclusions, kuputika uye kupinza kusina kukwana, etc. Pakati pavo, kushushikana kwepfungwa kunokonzerwa nekuputika kwekuputika uye kusapinda kusina kukwana ndiko kwakanyanya kuoma.
(2) Isinganzwisisike weld chimiro, sekusimbisa kwebutt weld yakakura kwazvo, iyo weld toe ye fillet weld yakanyanya kukwirira, nezvimwe.
Kusanzwisisika kugadzirwa kwemugwagwa. Semuenzaniso, nzira yemugwagwa ine shanduko dzakangoerekana dzashanduka, uye kushandiswa kwemapuranga akavharwa kuti abatanidze mumugwagwa. Kusanzwisisika weld dhizaini inogona zvakare kukonzera kushushikana mupfungwa, senge T-yakaumbwa majoini ane chete chitoro chemberi welds.
9. Chii chinonzi kukuvara kwepurasitiki uye chii chinokuvadza?
Mhinduro: Kukuvadzwa kwepurasitiki kunosanganisira kusagadzikana kwepurasitiki (goho kana zvakakosha kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki) uye kuputsika kwepurasitiki (kuputsika kumucheto kana ductile fracture). Maitiro acho ndeokuti iyo welded chimiro chekutanga chinopinda elastic deformation → goho → plastiki deformation (plastiki kusagadzikana) pasi pechiito chemutoro. ) → gadzira madiki madiki kana micro voids → gadzira macro cracks → kuwedzera kusingagadzike → kutsemuka.
Kuenzaniswa nebrittle fracture, kukuvara kwepurasitiki hakukuvadzi zvakanyanya, kunyanya anotevera marudzi:
(1) Irrecoverable plastic deformation inoitika mushure mekubereka, zvichiita kuti zvivakwa zvakasungwa zvine hukuru hwepamusoro zvinodiwa kuti zviraswe.
(2) Kukundikana kwemidziyo yekumanikidza yakagadzirwa nepamusoro-yakasimba, zvinhu zvakaderera-simba hazvigadziriswi nekuputsika kusimba kwezvinhu, asi kunokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwepurasitiki kukundikana nekuda kwesimba risina kukwana.
Mhedzisiro yekukuvara kwepurasitiki ndeyekuti iyo welded chimiro chinotadza kana tsaona ine njodzi inoitika, iyo inokanganisa kugadzirwa kwebhizinesi, inokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kusingakoshi, uye kukanganisa zvakanyanya kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika.
10. Chii chinonzi brittle fracture uye chinokuvadza chii?
Mhinduro: Kazhinji brittle fracture inoreva kupatsanura dissociation fracture (kusanganisira quasi-dissociation fracture) pamwe neimwe crystal ndege uye muganhu wezviyo (intergranular) kuputsika.
Cleavage fracture iko kutsemuka kwakagadzirwa nekuparadzaniswa kune imwe crystallographic ndege mukati mekristaro. Icho chinonzi intragranular fracture. Pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, senge tembiricha yakaderera, kukwirira kwekunetseka uye kushushikana kwakanyanya, cleavage uye kutyoka kuchaitika mumidziyo yesimbi kana kushushikana kwasvika kune imwe kukosha.
Kune akawanda mamodheru echizvarwa che cleavage fractures, mazhinji ayo ane hukama neiyo dislocation theory. Zvinowanzotendwa kuti kana iyo yepurasitiki deformation process yechinhu ichidzivirirwa zvakanyanya, zvinhu zvacho hazvigone kuchinjika kune kushushikana kwekunze ne deformation asi nekuparadzaniswa, zvichikonzera kutsemuka.
Inclusions, brittle precipitates uye kumwe kukanganisa musimbi zvakare kune yakakosha kukanganisa pakuitika kwekutsemuka kwe cleavage.
Brittle fracture inowanzoitika kana kushushikana kusiri kwakakwira kupfuura dhizaini inotenderwa kushushikana kwechimiro uye pasina akakosha epurasitiki deformation, uye ipapo inoenderera kune yese chimiro. Iine maitiro ekuparadzwa kamwe kamwe uye inonetsa kuona nekudzivirira pachine nguva, saka inowanzokonzera kukuvadzwa kwemunhu. uye kukanganisa kukuru kwezvinhu.
11. Ibasa rei rinoitwa mapenyu ekuwelding mukutsemuka kwechimiro?
Mhinduro: Pakati pehurema hwose, makatsemuka ndiwo ane ngozi zvikuru. Pasi pechiito chemutoro wekunze, diki diki deformation yepurasitiki ichaitika padhuze nekutsemuka kwepamberi, uye panguva imwe chete pachava nehumwe huwandu hwekuvhura displacement pamuromo, zvichiita kuti mutswe uwedzere zvishoma nezvishoma;
Kana mutoro wekunze ukawedzera kune imwe yakakosha kukosha, mutswe unozowedzera nekumhanya kukuru. Panguva ino, kana mutswe uri munzvimbo yakakwira yekushushikana, kazhinji inokonzeresa brittle kuputsika kwechimiro chose. Kana mutswe uri kuwedzera ukapinda munzvimbo ine kusimba kwakadzikama, Mukurumbira une simba rakakwana rekusimudzira kuwedzera kwemutswe, kana mutswe ukapinda muchinhu chine kusimba kuri nani (kana chinhu chimwe chete asi nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kusimba kwakawedzera) uye kunogamuchira. kupikisa kukuru uye haigone kuramba ichiwedzera. Panguva ino, njodzi yekuputika inova yakaderera zvichienderana.
12. Ndechipi chikonzero nei zvivakwa zvakaiswa welded zvichiwanzoita kuputsika?
Mhinduro: Zvikonzero zvekutyoka zvinogona kupfupikiswa muzvikamu zvitatu:
(1) Hunhu husina kukwana hwezvinhu
Kunyanya pamuromo wenotch, iyo microscopic deformation kugona kwechinhu chakashata. Kuderera-kunetseka brittle kutadza kunowanzoitika pakudzika kwakadzika, uye sezvo tembiricha inodzikira, kuoma kwezvinhu kunoderera zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, nekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakadzika-alloy yakakwirira-simba, indekisi yesimba inoramba ichiwedzera, nepo plastiki uye kuoma kwakaderera. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, brittle fracture inotanga kubva kune welding zone, saka kusakwana kusimba kweiyo weld uye inopisa-yakakanganiswa nzvimbo kazhinji ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kuderera-kushungurudzika brittle fracture.
(2) Pane zvikanganiso zvakadai se micro cracks
Kutsemuka nguva dzose kunotanga kubva pakuremara, uye kutsemuka ndiko kukanganisa kwakanyanya. Welding ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekutsemuka. Kunyangwe kutsemuka kuchigona kudzorwa nekuvandudza tekinoroji yewelding, zvichiri kunetsa kudzivirira zvachose kutsemuka.
(3) Imwe nhanho yekushushikana
Dhizaini isiriyo uye maitiro asina kunaka ekugadzira ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera welding zvakasara kushushikana. Naizvozvo, kune zvakashongedzwa zvimiro, kuwedzera kune kushanda kushushikana, welding yakasara kushushikana uye kushushikana kusungirirwa, pamwe nekuwedzera kushushikana kunokonzerwa nekusangana kwakashata, kunofanirwawo kutariswa.
13. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvikuru zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo pakugadzira zvivako zvakasungwa?
Mhinduro: Zvinhu zvikuru zvekufunga nezvazvo ndezvizvi:
1) Iyo welded joint inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chakakwana kushushikana uye kuomarara kuve nechokwadi chehupenyu hurefu hwakakwana hwesevhisi;
2) Funga nezvekushanda kwepakati uye mamiriro ekushanda ejoini yakasungwa, senge tembiricha, ngura, vibration, kuneta, nezvimwe;
3) Kune zvikamu zvakakura zvekugadzirisa, basa rekugadzirisa kusati kwave nemoto uye mushure-welding kupisa kurapwa kunofanira kuderedzwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira;
4) Zvikamu zvakashongedzwa hazvichadi kana kungoda huwandu diki hwekugadzira michina;
5) Iyo welding basa rekuita rinogona kuderedzwa kusvika padiki;
6) Kuderedza deformation uye kushungurudzika kweiyo welded structure;
7) Nyore kuvaka uye kugadzira yakanaka yekushanda mamiriro ekuvaka;
8) Shandisa matekinoroji matsva uye mechanized uye otomatiki welding zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwevashandi; 9) Welds ari nyore kuongorora kuti ave nechokwadi chekubatana kwehutano.
14. Ndapota tsanangura mamiriro ekutanga ekucheka gasi. Ko okisijeni-acetylene murazvo wegasi yekucheka ingashandiswa mhangura here? Sei?
Mhinduro: Mamiriro ekutanga ekucheka gasi ndeaya:
(1) Nzvimbo yekupisa yesimbi inofanira kunge yakaderera pane inonyungudika yesimbi.
(2) Nzvimbo yakanyunguduka yesimbi oxide inofanira kunge yakaderera pane inonyunguduka yesimbi pachayo.
(3) Kana simbi yapisa muokisijeni, inofanira kukwanisa kuburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa.
(4) The thermal conductivity yesimbi inofanira kuva duku.
Oxygen-acetylene flame gasi yekucheka haigoni kushandiswa pamhangura tsvuku, nokuti iyo copper oxide (CuO) inogadzira kupisa kuduku, uye kupisa kwayo kwekushisa kwakanaka kwazvo (kupisa hakugoni kuiswa pedyo necheka), saka kucheka gasi hakugoneki.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-06-2023
